Editing Easter rising

{{short description|Armed insurrection by Irish Republicans during Easter Week of 1916}}
{{about|events of 1916 in Ireland|the unconnected 2004 US musical|Easter Rising (musical)}}
{{Use Irish English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = Easter Rising<br>''{{lang|ga|Éirí Amach na Cásca}}''
|partof =
|image = Easter Proclamation of 1916.png
|caption = [[Proclamation of the Irish Republic|Proclamation of the Republic]], Easter 1916
|date = 24–29 April 1916
|place = Mostly [[Dublin]] <br/> Skirmishes in counties [[County Meath|Meath]], [[County Galway|Galway]], [[County Louth|Louth]], [[County Wexford|Wexford]] and [[County Cork|Cork]].
|territory = 
|result = Unconditional surrender of rebel forces, execution of most leaders
|combatant1 = {{flagicon|Irish Republic|1916}} Irish rebel forces:<br/>&nbsp;[[Irish Volunteers]]<br/>&nbsp;[[Irish Citizen Army]]<br/>&nbsp;[[Fianna Eireann]]
|combatant2 = {{flagicon|UKGBI}} British forces:<br/>[[British Army]]<br/>[[Royal Irish Constabulary]]
|commander1 = [[Patrick Pearse]]<br/>[[James Connolly]]<br/>[[Tom Clarke (Irish republican)|Tom Clarke]]<br/>[[Seán Mac Diarmada|Seán MacDermott]]<br/>[[Joseph Plunkett]]<br/>[[Éamonn Ceannt]]<br/>[[Thomas MacDonagh]] 
|commander2 = [[Ivor Guest, 1st Viscount Wimborne|Lord Wimborne]]<br/>[[Augustine Birrell]]<br/>[[Matthew Nathan]]<br/>[[John French, 1st Earl of Ypres|Lord French]]<br/>[[Lovick Friend]]<br/>[[John Maxwell (British Army officer)|John Maxwell]]<br/>[[William Lowe (British Army officer)|William Lowe]]
|strength1 = 1,250 in Dublin,<br/>~2,000–3,000 volunteers elsewhere, but they took little part in the fighting.
|strength2 = 16,000 British troops and 1,000 armed RIC in Dublin by the end of the week.
|casualties1 = 66 killed<br/>16 executed<br/>unknown wounded
|casualties2 = 143 killed<br/>397 wounded
|casualties3 = 260 civilians killed<br/>2,217 civilians wounded<br/>'''Total killed: 485'''<ref name=necrology>[http://www.glasnevintrust.ie/__uuid/55a29fab-3b24-41dd-a1d9-12d148a78f74/Glasnevin-Trust-1916-Necrology-485.pdf 1916 Necrology]. [http://www.glasnevintrust.ie/visit-glasnevin/news/1916-list/ Glasnevin Trust].</ref>
|notes = 
|campaignbox={{Campaignbox Irish independence}}
|casus = Belief that non-violent means of attaining Irish independence had failed
}}

The '''Easter Rising''' ({{lang-ga|Éirí Amach na Cásca}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/irish/index.asp?docID=2532 |title=Department of the Taoiseach&nbsp;– Easter Rising |publisher=Taoiseach.gov.ie |accessdate=13 November 2011}}</ref> also known as the '''Easter Rebellion''', was an armed [[Rebellion|insurrection]] in [[Ireland]] during [[Easter Week]], April 1916. The Rising was launched by [[Irish republicanism|Irish republicans]] to end British rule in Ireland and establish an independent [[Irish Republic]] while the United Kingdom was heavily engaged in the [[First World War]]. It was the most significant [[List of Irish uprisings|uprising in Ireland]] since the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798|rebellion of 1798]], and the first armed action of the [[Irish revolutionary period]].

Organised by a seven-man Military Council of the [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_RhCAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22military+council%22+irb&q=%22military+council%22+&pgis=1#search_anchor ''Leaders and Men of the Easter Rising: Dublin 1916''] Francis X. Martin 1967 p105</ref> the Rising began on Easter Monday, 24 April 1916, and lasted for six days. Members of the [[Irish Volunteers]]—led by schoolmaster and Irish language activist [[Patrick Pearse]], joined by the smaller [[Irish Citizen Army]] of [[James Connolly]] and 200 women of [[Cumann na mBan]]—seized key locations in [[Dublin]] and [[Proclamation of the Irish Republic|proclaimed an Irish Republic]]. The [[British Army]] brought in thousands of reinforcements as well as artillery and a gunboat. There was fierce street fighting on the routes into the city centre, where the rebels put up stiff resistance, slowing the British advance and inflicting heavy casualties. Elsewhere in Dublin, the fighting mainly consisted of sniping and long-range gun battles. The main rebel positions were gradually surrounded and bombarded with artillery. There were isolated actions in other parts of Ireland, with attacks on the [[Royal Irish Constabulary]] barracks at [[Ashbourne, County Meath|Ashbourne]], [[County Meath]], [[County Cork]] and in [[County Galway]], and the seizure of the town of [[Enniscorthy]], [[County Wexford]]. [[German Empire|Germany]] had sent a shipment of arms to the rebels, but the British had intercepted it just before the Rising began. Volunteer leader [[Eoin MacNeill]] had then issued a countermand in a bid to halt the Rising, which greatly reduced the number of rebels who mobilised.

With much greater numbers and heavier weapons, the British Army suppressed the Rising. Pearse agreed to an unconditional surrender on Saturday 29 April, although sporadic fighting continued until Sunday, when word reached the other rebel positions. After the surrender the country remained under [[martial law]]. About 3,500 people were taken prisoner by the British, many of whom had played no part in the Rising, and 1,800 of them were sent to [[internment]] camps or prisons in Britain. Most of the leaders of the Rising were executed following courts-martial. The Rising brought [[Physical force Irish republicanism|physical force republicanism]] back to the forefront of Irish politics, which for nearly 50 years had been dominated by constitutional nationalism. It, and the British reaction to it, led to increased popular support for Irish independence. In December 1918, republicans, represented by the reconstituted [[Sinn Féin]] party, won 73 seats in a [[landslide victory]] in [[Irish general election, 1918|the general election]] to the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]]. They [[abstentionism|did not take their seats]], but instead convened the [[First Dáil]] and declared the independence of the Irish Republic. The [[Soloheadbeg ambush]] started the [[Irish War of Independence|War of Independence]].

485 people were killed in the Easter Rising. About 54% were civilians, 30% were British military and police, and 16% were Irish rebels. More than 2,600 were wounded. Many of the civilians were killed as a result of the British using artillery and heavy machine guns, or mistaking civilians for rebels. Others were caught in the crossfire in a crowded city. The shelling and the fires it caused left parts of inner city Dublin in ruins.

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