Editing Cornell University

{{Infobox university
| name = Cornell University
| image = Cornell University seal.svg
| image_upright = 0.8
| latin_name = Universitas Cornelliana
| top_free_label = Founding principle
| top_free = "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study."<br>—[[Ezra Cornell]], 1868<ref name=top_free/>
| established = {{start date|1865|2|19}}
| type = [[Private university|Private]]
| endowment = [[US$]]7.2 billion<ref>As of October 3, 2018. {{cite web|url=http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/10/cornell-sees-106-percent-return-fy18-investments|title=Cornell sees 10.6 percent return on FY18 investments|publisher=Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute |year=2018}}</ref> (2018)
| president = [[Martha E. Pollack]]
| provost = [[Michael Kotlikoff]]
| faculty = 1,639 – Ithaca, New York<br>1,235 – NYC, New York<br>34 – Doha, Qatar<!-- †Regular full-time and part-time professorial faculty members. NYC Weill medical-division units have additional external affiliations with 867 full-time and part-time faculty members elsewhere. -->
| students = 23,600 (Fall 2018)<ref name=IRP_E>{{cite web|url=http://irp.dpb.cornell.edu/tableau_visual/factbook-enrollment|title=University Factbook – Student Enrollment|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=November 16, 2018}}</ref>
| undergrad = 15,182 (Fall 2018)<ref name=IRP_E/>
| postgrad = 8,418 (Fall 2018)<ref name=IRP_E/>
| city = [[Ithaca, New York|Ithaca]]
| state = [[New York (state)|New York]]
| country = U.S.
| coor = {{Coord|42|26|50|N|76|28|59|W|region:US_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| campus = {{convert|4800|acre|km2}}
| colors = [[Carnelian (color)|Carnelian]], White<ref>{{cite web|url=https://brand.cornell.edu/design-center/colors/ |title=Colors · Cornell University|accessdate=August 28, 2017}}</ref><br>{{color box|#B31B1B}}&nbsp;{{color box|#FFFFFF}}&nbsp;
| nickname = [[Cornell Big Red|Big Red]]
| athletics = [[NCAA Division I]] – [[Ivy League]]
| mascot = [[Touchdown (mascot)|Touchdown]] the Bear <small>(unofficial)</small><ref name=mascot/>
| academic_affiliations = [[Association of American Universities|AAU]]<br>[[State University of New York|SUNY]]<br>[[Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities|APLU]]<br>[[National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities|NAICU]]
| website = {{URL|cornell.edu}}
| logo = Cornell University logo.svg
| logo_size = 250
}}
'''Cornell University''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɔr|ˈ|n|ɛ|l}} {{respell|kor|NEL|'}}) is a [[Private university|private]] and [[Statutory college|statutory]] [[Ivy League]] [[research university]] in [[Ithaca, New York]]. Founded in 1865 by [[Ezra Cornell]] and [[Andrew Dickson White]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ithacajournal.com/story/news/local/2015/04/24/cornell-facts/26306843/|title=What you need to know about Cornell: 150 facts|work=Ithaca Journal|access-date=August 30, 2017|language=en}}</ref> the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge—from the [[classics]] to the [[science]]s, and from the theoretical to the applied. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornell's founding principle, a popular 1868 Ezra Cornell quotation: "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study."<ref name=top_free>{{cite web|url=https://www.cornell.edu/about/mission.cfm|title=University Mission|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=October 4, 2018}}</ref>

The university is broadly organized into seven [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]] colleges and seven [[graduate school|graduate]] divisions at its main Ithaca campus, with each college and division defining its own admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy. The university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in [[New York City]] and one in [[Education City]], [[Qatar]], and [[Cornell Tech]], a graduate program that incorporates technology, business, and creative thinking. The program moved from Google's Chelsea Building in New York City to its permanent campus on [[Roosevelt Island]] in September 2017.

Cornell is one of ten private [[land-grant university|land grant universities]] in the United States and the only one in New York.<ref group="note">The others are the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] and the publicly funded but "privately governed" [[University of Delaware]].</ref> Of its seven undergraduate colleges, three are [[statutory college|state-supported statutory or contract colleges]] through the [[State University of New York]] (SUNY) system, including its agricultural and human ecology colleges as well as its industrial labor relations school. Of Cornell's graduate schools, only the veterinary college is state-supported. As a land grant college, Cornell operates a [[cooperative extension]] outreach program in every county of New York and receives annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions.<ref name="Spitzer 2005"/> The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres, but is much larger when the [[Cornell Botanic Gardens]] (more than 4,300 acres) and the numerous university-owned lands in New York City are considered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://realestate.fs.cornell.edu/about/faq.cfm#CP_JUMP_5682| title=Cornell University Facilities Services FAQ|accessdate=March 25, 2014}}</ref>

As of October 2018, [[List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation|58 Nobel laureates]], [[List of Turing Award laureates by university affiliation|four Turing Award winners]] and [[List of Fields Medal winners by university affiliation|one Fields Medalist]] have been affiliated with Cornell University.  Since its founding, Cornell has been a [[co-education]]al, non-[[sectarianism|sectarian]] institution where admission has not been restricted by religion or race. Cornell counts more than 245,000 living [[alumnus|alumni]], and its former and present faculty and alumni include 34&nbsp;[[Marshall Scholarship|Marshall Scholars]], 30&nbsp;[[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]], 29&nbsp;[[Truman Scholarship|Truman Scholars]], 7&nbsp;[[Gates Cambridge Scholarship|Gates Scholars]], 55&nbsp;[[List of American universities with Olympic medals|Olympic Medalists]], and 14 living billionaires.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web|url=http://www.cornell.edu/about/facts/cornell_facts.pdf |title=2009–10 Factbook |publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=December 27, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060626082316/http://www.cornell.edu/about/facts/cornell_facts.pdf |archivedate=June 26, 2006 |df= }}</ref><ref name=nobel>{{cite web|url= http://www.news.cornell.edu/campus/Nobel_Laureates_at_CUk1.shtml|title=Cornell Nobel laureates |publisher=Cornell News Service|accessdate =June 6, 2006}}</ref><ref name="Rhodes Scholars">{{cite web|url=http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1165899600 |title=Uncle Ezra |publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=January 10, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102092343/http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1165899600 |archivedate=January 2, 2007 |df= }}</ref> The student body consists of more than 14,000 undergraduate and 8,000 graduate students from all 50 American states and 116 countries.<ref name=IRP_E/>

==History==
<!-- unless there is an urgent need to include a fact or event here, please consider just having the fact in the separate Cornell history article -->
{{Main|History of Cornell University}}
Cornell University was founded on April 27, 1865; the [[New York State Senate|New York State (NYS) Senate]] authorized the university as the state's [[land-grant university|land grant]] institution. Senator [[Ezra Cornell]] offered his farm in [[Ithaca, New York]], as a site and $500,000 of his personal fortune as an initial [[financial endowment|endowment]]. Fellow senator and educator [[Andrew Dickson White]] agreed to be the first president. During the next three years, White oversaw the construction of the first two buildings and traveled to attract students and [[faculty (university)|faculty]].<ref name=founding>{{Cite book|last=Becker|first =Carl L.|authorlink=Carl L. Becker|year=1943|title=Cornell University: Founders and the Founding|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=[[Ithaca, New York|Ithaca, N.Y.]]|url=http://dspace.library.cornell.edu/handle/1813/184| accessdate=June 17, 2006|isbn=978-0-8014-9058-3}}</ref> The university was inaugurated on October 7, 1868, and 412 men were enrolled the next day.<ref name=opening>{{cite web |url=http://www.cornell.edu/about/facts/faq_profile.cfm?id=915 |title=Cornell University - Facts about Cornell - How old is Cornell? |publisher=Cornell.edu |accessdate=January 2, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118230127/http://www.cornell.edu/about/facts/faq_profile.cfm?id=915 |archivedate=January 18, 2012  }}</ref>
{{multiple image|align=right|direction=horizontal|header=Cornell's founders |header_align=center
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Cornell developed as a technologically innovative institution, applying its research to its own campus and to outreach efforts. For example, in 1883 it was one of the first university campuses to use electricity from a water-powered [[dynamo]] to light the grounds.<ref name=chp>{{cite web|url= http://www.utilities.cornell.edu/utl_heatinghistory.html|title=The Early History of District Energy at Cornell University|accessdate=November 24, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704140529/http://www.utilities.cornell.edu/utl_heatinghistory.html|archivedate=July 4, 2007}}</ref> Since 1894, Cornell has included colleges that are state funded and fulfill statutory requirements;<ref>{{cite book|author=Gelber, Sidney|year=2001|title=''Politics and Public Higher Education in New York State: Stony Brook: A Case History''|place=New York |publisher=P. Lang|page=14|isbn=978-0-8204-4919-7}}</ref> it has also administered research and extension activities that have been jointly funded by state and federal matching programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cce.cornell.edu/learnAbout/Pages/About.aspx| title=Cornell University Cooperative Extension About Us|accessdate=March 25, 2014}}</ref>

Cornell has had active alumni since its earliest classes. It was one of the first universities to include alumni-elected representatives on its Board of Trustees.<ref group=note>The University's charter was amended on April 24, 1867, to specify alumni-elected trustees; ({{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bPIKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA278|page=278|title=Cornell University, a history, Volume 1|year=1905|publisher=University Publishing Society|accessdate=December 14, 2010|author1=Waterman Thomas Hewett |author2=Frank R. Holmes |author3=Lewis A. Williams }}) however, that provision was not implemented until there were at least 100 alumni ({{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=DnQ4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA537&q=first%20alumni%20trustees%20cornell%20elect |title=The revised statutes of the State of New York|year=1881|page=537|accessdate=December 14, 2010|author1=(State)|first1=New York}} ) in 1872. ({{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jS05AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA107|pages=108–09|title=Education, Volume 22|accessdate=December 14, 2010 |date=September 1901|author1=Frank Hatch Kasson |author2=Frank Herbert Palmer |author3=Raymond P. Palmer |author4=Project Innovation }}) Also in 1865, the election of the Harvard University Board of Overseers was shifted to alumni voting.</ref> Cornell was also among the Ivies that had heightened student activism during the 1960s related to cultural issues, civil rights, and opposition to the Vietnam War; with protests and occupations resulting in the resignation of Cornell's president and the restructuring of university governance.<ref name="Downs1999">{{cite book|last=Downs|first=Donald Alexander|title=Cornell '69: Liberalism and the Crisis of the American University |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_IV5MDFCUpAC |accessdate=December 14, 2010|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3653-6}}</ref> Today the university has more than 4,000&nbsp;courses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cornell.edu/about/ |title=About Cornell University|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 17, 2010}}</ref> Cornell is also known for the Residential Club Fire of 1967, a fire in the Residential Club building that killed eight students and one professor.

Since 2000, Cornell has been expanding its [[#International programs|international programs]]. In 2004, the university opened the [[Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar]].<ref name="aboutqatar">{{cite web |url=http://www.qatar-med.cornell.edu/aboutUs/purpose.html?name1=Purpose+and+Mission&type1=2Active |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040812234247/http://www.qatar-med.cornell.edu/aboutUs/purpose.html?name1=Purpose+and+Mission&type1=2Active |dead-url=yes |archive-date=August 12, 2004 |title=Cornell Medical College in Qatar |publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=May 22, 2006  }}</ref> It has partnerships with institutions in India, [[Singapore]], and the People's Republic of China.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/July05/RawlingsIndia.bpf.html |title=Cornell president joins Indian prime minister to open new chapter in science education|publisher=Cornell News Service|accessdate=January 1, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/Chronicle/04/11.11.04/HotelSchool-Nanyang.html|title=Hotel School, Singapore university establish joint master's program|publisher=Cornell News Service |accessdate=January 1, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Nov05/Rawlings_China_main.html|title=Rawlings heads to China to sign partnership agreement and deliver keynote address at economic summit in Beijing|publisher= Cornell News Service|accessdate=January 1, 2006}}</ref> Former president [[Jeffrey S. Lehman]] described the university, with its high international profile, a "transnational university".<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Sudden Departure at Cornell|date = June 13, 2005|url = http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/06/13/cornell|last = Jaschik|first = Scott|journal = Inside Higher ed|accessdate = July 25, 2013}}</ref> On March 9, 2004, Cornell and [[Stanford University]] laid the cornerstone for a new 'Bridging the Rift Center' to be built and jointly operated for education on the Israel–Jordan border.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/features/BTR/BTR_cover.html |title=Lehman leads CU group to desert to promote education -- and peace |date=March 9, 2004 |first=David |last=Brand |accessdate=November 24, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718210043/http://www.news.cornell.edu/features/BTR/BTR_cover.html |archivedate=July 18, 2008 |df= }}</ref>

==Campuses==
[[File:Cornell University arts quad.JPG|thumb|right|The Arts Quad on Cornell's main campus with [[McGraw Tower]] in the background]]
[[File:Cornell University, Ho Plaza and Sage Hall.jpg|thumb|right|Overlooking Ho Plaza from atop [[McGraw Tower]], with [[Sage Hall]] and [[Barnes Hall]] in the background]]
[[File:Sage Chapel, HDR.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sage Chapel]] hosts religious services and concerts, and is the final resting place of the university's founder]]
[[File:Triphammer Falls, Ithaca NY.jpg|thumb|right|Triphammer Falls, Triphammer Footbridge, and Beebe Dam as viewed from the Thurston Avenue Bridge]]

===Ithaca campus===
{{Main|Cornell Central Campus|Cornell North Campus|Cornell West Campus}}
Cornell's main campus is on East Hill in [[Ithaca, New York]], overlooking the city and [[Cayuga Lake]]. Since the university was founded, it has expanded to about 2,300 acres (9.3&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), encompassing both the hill and much of the surrounding areas.<ref name="ithaca">{{cite web|url= http://www.cornell.edu/visiting/ithaca|title=Cornell University - The Ithaca Campus |publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=April 6, 2006}}</ref> Central Campus has laboratories, administrative buildings, and almost all of the campus' academic buildings, athletic facilities, auditoriums, and museums. North Campus is composed of ten residence halls<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://living.cornell.edu/live/wheretolive/residencehalls/|title=Residence Halls|website=living.cornell.edu|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> that primarily house first-year students, although the Townhouse Community occasionally houses transfer students. The five main residence halls on West Campus make up the West Campus House System, along with several [[Gothic architecture|Gothic-style]] buildings, referred to as "the Gothics".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://westcampushousesystem.cornell.edu/|title=West Campus House System|website=westcampushousesystem.cornell.edu|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> Collegetown contains two upper-level [[residence halls]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://dining.cornell.edu/campuslife/housing/undergraduate/cascadilla-hall.cfm|title=Housing – Cascadilla Hall|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.campuslife.cornell.edu/campuslife/housing/undergraduate/sheldon-court.cfm|title=Sheldon Court|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 21, 2010}}</ref> and the Schwartz [[performing arts|Performing Arts]] Center amid a mixed-use neighborhood of apartments, eateries, and businesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.ithaca.ny.us/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B4519B3DC-DFAD-47EE-9E0A-6A55E243E4B4%7D&DE=%7BFEA36033-DB19-4201-9F95-A5F4DAA6DE06%7D|title=Collegetown|publisher=City of Ithaca|accessdate=December 14, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111232615/http://www.ci.ithaca.ny.us/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B4519B3DC-DFAD-47EE-9E0A-6A55E243E4B4%7D&DE=%7BFEA36033-DB19-4201-9F95-A5F4DAA6DE06%7D|archivedate=November 11, 2007}}</ref>

The main campus is marked by an irregular layout and eclectic [[architectural style]]s, including ornate [[Collegiate Gothic]], [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]], and [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] buildings, and the more spare [[international style (architecture)|international]] and [[modern architecture|modernist]] structures. The more ornate buildings generally predate [[World War II]]. The student population doubled from 7,000 in 1950 to 15,000 by 1970, at a time when architectural styles favored modernism.<ref>{{cite book |first=Daniel|last=Margulis |author2=Schroeder, John|title=A Century at Cornell|publisher=[[Cornell Daily Sun]]|location=[[Ithaca, New York|Ithaca, N.Y.]]|year=1980|isbn=978-0-938304-00-5|pages=110–111}}</ref> While some buildings are neatly arranged into [[quadrangle (architecture)|quadrangles]], others are packed densely and haphazardly. These eccentricities arose from the university's numerous, ever-changing master plans for the campus. For example, in one of the earliest plans, [[Frederick Law Olmsted]], the designer of [[Central Park]], proposed a "grand terrace" overlooking [[Cayuga Lake]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Kermit C.|last=Parsons|title= The Cornell Campus: A History of its Planning and Development|publisher= Cornell University Press|location=[[Ithaca, New York|Ithaca, N.Y.]] |year=1968 |chapter= Chp. 3: A Quadrangle of Stone}}</ref>

Several of the university buildings are listed as historic landmarks.<ref>[https://fcs.cornell.edu/content/campus-buildings-and-landmarks-historic-designations]"Campus Buildings and Landmarks with Historic Designations." Cornell University. Retrieved January 14, 2019.</ref> Those listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] include the [[Andrew Dickson White House]], [[Bailey Hall (Ithaca, New York)|Bailey Hall]], [[Caldwell Hall (Ithaca, New York)|Caldwell Hall]], the [[Computing and Communications Center, Cornell University|Computing and Communications Center]] (formerly [[Comstock Hall (Ithaca, New York)|Comstock Hall]]), [[Morrill Hall (Cornell University)|Morrill Hall]], [[Rice Hall (Ithaca, New York)|Rice Hall]], [[Fernow Hall (Ithaca, New York)|Fernow Hall]], [[Wing Hall (Ithaca, New York)|Wing Hall]], [[Llenroc]], and 13 South Avenue [[Deke House (Ithaca, New York)|(Deke House)]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cornell.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ec4c2aa2cf9b4f7faf53b1580b2f131c|title=Historic Designations|last=|first=|date=|website=Cornell Campus Planning Department|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=January 14, 2019}}</ref> At least three other historic buildings—[[Roberts Hall (Ithaca, New York)|the original Roberts Hall]], [[East Robert Hall (Ithaca, New York)|East Robert Hall]] and [[Stone Hall (Ithaca, New York)|Stone Hall]]—have also been listed on the NRHP. The university demolished them in the 1980s to make way for other development.<ref>{{NRISref|2008a}}</ref> In September 2011, ''[[Travel+Leisure]]'' listed the Ithaca Campus as among the most beautiful in the United States.<ref>[http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/americas-most-beautiful-college-campuses/11 "America's most beautiful college campuses"] ''Travel+Leisure'' (September 2011)</ref>

Located among the rolling valleys of the [[Finger Lakes]] region, the campus on a hill provides views of the surrounding area, including 38&nbsp;miles (61.4&nbsp;km) long [[Cayuga Lake]]. Two [[Canyon|gorges]], Fall Creek Gorge and Cascadilla Gorge, bound Central Campus and are used as popular swimming holes during the warmer months (although the university and city code discourage their use due to hazardous swimming conditions).<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=14850 Today |title=Cornell offering free shuttle buses to Buttermilk Falls State Park for two weekends |date=August 23, 2013 |url=http://today.14850.com/stories/08232-cornell-buttermilk |accessdate=December 15, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215051916/http://today.14850.com/stories/08232-cornell-buttermilk |archivedate=December 15, 2013  }}</ref> Adjacent to the main campus, Cornell owns the 2,800&nbsp;acre (11.6&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) [[Cornell Botanic Gardens]], a [[botanical garden]] containing flowers, trees, and ponds, with manicured [https://ithacatrails.org/ trails] providing access through the facility.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explore.cornell.edu/scene.cfm?scene=Natural%20Beauty&stop=CU%20%2D%20NB%20%2D%20Campus%20Gardens |title=Explore Cornell - Natural Beauty - Campus Gardens |publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=April 6, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030801143414/http://explore.cornell.edu/scene.cfm?scene=Natural%20Beauty&stop=CU%20-%20NB%20-%20Campus%20Gardens |archivedate=August 1, 2003 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>

The university has embarked on numerous 'green' initiatives. In 2009, a new gas-fired combined heat and power facility replaced a coal-fired steam plant, resulting in a reduction in carbon emissions to 7% below 1990 levels, and projected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 75,000 tons per year.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/Chronicle/10/01_22_10.pdf|title=Cornell moves beyond coal with combined heat and power plant|work=Cornell Chronicle|first=Bill|last=Steele|date=January 22, 2010|accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref> This facility satisfies 15% of campus electrical needs,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/energy/cogeneration.cfm|title=Energy Use: Cogeneration of Electricity|year=2006|accessdate=November 24, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610065433/http://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/energy/cogeneration.cfm|archivedate=June 10, 2010}}</ref> and a university-run, on-campus hydroelectric plant in the Fall Creek Gorge provides an additional 2%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utilities.cornell.edu/utl_hydroelectricplant.html |title=Hydroelectric Plant |accessdate=November 24, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502011959/http://www.utilities.cornell.edu/utl_hydroelectricplant.html |archivedate=May 2, 2010 }}</ref> The university has a [[Deep lake water cooling|lake source cooling]] project that uses Cayuga Lake to air condition campus buildings, with an 80% energy saving over conventional systems.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.utilities.cornell.edu/utl_lscabout.html|title=Lake Source Cooling : An Idea Whose Time Has Come|accessdate=November 24, 2009|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080629072724/http://www.utilities.cornell.edu/utl_lscabout.html|archivedate=June 29, 2008}}</ref> In 2007, Cornell established a Center for a Sustainable Future.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sustainablefuture.cornell.edu/about/|title=About the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future |accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref> Cornell has been rated "A-" by the 2011 College Sustainability Report Card for its environmental and sustainability initiatives.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.greenreportcard.org/report-card-2011/schools/cornell-university|title=Cornell University - Green Report Card 2011|accessdate=October 30, 2010}}</ref> However, the university has drawn criticism from student groups for a planned North Campus expansion for which they have not released an environmental impact statement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cornellsun.com/2018/09/23/climate-justice-cornell-demands-more-comprehensive-environmental-report-on-north-campus-expansion/|title=Climate Justice Cornell Demands More Comprehensive Environmental Report on North Campus Expansion|date=2018-09-24|website=The Cornell Daily Sun|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref>

===New York City campuses===

====Weill Cornell====
{{Main|Weill Cornell Medicine}}

[[File:Cornell med 02.jpg|thumb|[[Weill Medical Center]] overlooks the East River in [[New York City]].]]
Cornell's medical campus in [[New York City|New York]], also called Weill Cornell, is on the [[Upper East Side]] of [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]]. It is home to two Cornell divisions: [[Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University|Weill Cornell Medical College]] and [[Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences]], and has been affiliated with the [[NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital]] since 1927.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.med.cornell.edu/about|title=Weill Medical College of Cornell University - About Us|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=July 4, 2006}}</ref> Although their faculty and academic divisions are separate, the Medical Center shares its administrative and teaching hospital functions with the [[Columbia University Medical Center]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://careers.nyp.org/about-us/locations/|title=NewYork–Presbyterian|accessdate=August 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812212715/http://careers.nyp.org/about-us/locations/|archive-date=August 12, 2014|dead-url=yes}}</ref> These teaching hospitals include the Payne Whitney Clinic in Manhattan and the Westchester Division in [[White Plains, New York]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nyp.org/services/psychiatry.html|title=Psychiatry and Mental Health - New York Presbyterian Hospital|publisher=New York Presbyterian Hospital|accessdate=September 22, 2010}}</ref> Weill Cornell Medical College is also affiliated with the neighboring [[Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center]], [[Rockefeller University]], and the [[Hospital for Special Surgery]]. Many faculty members have joint appointments at these institutions. Weill Cornell, Rockefeller, and Memorial Sloan–Kettering offer the [[Tri-Institutional MD–PhD Program]] to selected entering Cornell medical students.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.med.cornell.edu/mdphd/|title=Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering &#124; Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program|publisher=Med.cornell.edu |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> From 1942 to 1979, the campus also housed the [[Cornell School of Nursing]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.med.cornell.edu/archives/history/nurses_training.html?name1=New+York+Training+School+for+Nurses&type1=2Active|title=New York Hospital Training School for Nurses (Cornell University-New York Hospital School of Nursing)|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref>

====Cornell Tech====
{{Main|Cornell Tech}}

On December 19, 2011, Cornell University and [[Technion-Israel Institute of Technology]] won a competition for rights to claim free city land  and $100 million in subsidies to build an engineering campus in New York City. The competition was established by New York City Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] in order to increase entrepreneurship and job growth in the city's technology sector. The winning bid consisted of a 2.1 million square feet state-of-the-art tech campus to be built on [[Roosevelt Island]] on the site of the former [[Coler-Goldwater Specialty Hospital]].  Instruction began in the fall of 2012 in a temporary location in Manhattan ([[111 Eighth Avenue]] in space donated by [[Google]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Dec11/NYCcover.html|title='Game-changing' tech campus goes to Cornell, Technion|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 17, 2011}}</ref> [[Thom Mayne]] of the architecture firm [[Morphosis]] has been selected to design the first building to be constructed on Roosevelt Island. Begun in 2014, construction of the first phase of the campus was completed in September 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/13/nyregion/cornell-high-tech-opens-roosevelt-island.html |work=The New York Times |first=Elizabeth|last=Harris|title=High Tech and High Design, Cornell’s Roosevelt Island Campus Opens
|date=September 13, 2017}}</ref>

====Other New York City programs====
In addition to the tech campus and medical center, Cornell maintains local offices in New York City for some of its service programs. The Cornell Urban Scholars Program encourages students to pursue public service careers, arranging assignments with organizations working with New York City's poorest children, families, and communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cusp.cornell.edu|title=Cornell Urban Scholars Program|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=May 22, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619074142/http://www.cusp.cornell.edu/|archivedate=June 19, 2006}}</ref> The [[Cornell University College of Human Ecology|NYS College of Human Ecology]] and the [[Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences|NYS College of Agriculture and Life Sciences]] enable students to reach out to local communities by gardening and building with the Cornell Cooperative Extension.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cce.cornell.edu/learnAbout/Pages/About.aspx|title=Cornell Cooperative Extension - About Extension|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate= December 14, 2010}}</ref> Students with the [[Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations|NYS School of Industrial and Labor Relations']] Extension & Outreach Program make workplace expertise available to organizations, union members, policymakers, and working adults.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/explore/outreach|title=ILR: Extension & Outreach Program|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=May 22, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615034610/http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/explore/outreach/|archivedate=June 15, 2006}}</ref> The [[Cornell University College of Engineering|College of Engineering's]] Operations Research Manhattan, in the city's [[Financial District, Manhattan|financial district]], brings together business optimization research and decision support services addressed to both financial applications and public health logistics planning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://manhattan.orie.cornell.edu|title=Operations Research Manhattan|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 16, 2010}}</ref> The [[College of Architecture, Art, and Planning]] has an 11,000 square foot [[Gensler]]-designed facility in [[26 Broadway]] (The Standard Oil Building) in the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] that opened in 2015.<ref>[http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2015/04/bird-s-eye-view-nyc-architecture-art-and-planning Bird's-eye view of NYC for Architecture, Art and Planning] Cornell University Press Office; By Daniel Aloi April 9, 2015</ref>

===Qatar campus===
[[File:Cornell-Qatar.jpg|thumb|right|[[Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar]]]]
{{Main|Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar}}
Weill Cornell Medical College in [[Qatar]] is in [[Education City, Qatar|Education City]], near [[Doha]]. Opened in September 2004, this is the first American medical school to be established outside the United States. The college is part of Cornell's program to increase its international influence. The college is a joint initiative with the Qatar government, which seeks to improve the country's academic programs and medical care.<ref name=aboutqatar/> Along with its full four-year MD program, which mirrors the curriculum taught at [[Weill Medical College]] in New York City, the college offers a two-year undergraduate [[pre-medical]] program with a separate admissions process. This undergraduate program opened in September 2002 and was the first [[coeducation]]al institute of [[higher education]] in Qatar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cunews.cornell.edu/releases/April01/weill.qatar.html|title=Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar|publisher=Cornell News Service|accessdate=May 23, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119025229/http://cunews.cornell.edu/releases/April01/weill.qatar.html|archivedate=January 19, 2012}}</ref>

The college is partially funded by the Qatar government through the [[Qatar Foundation]], which contributed $750 million for its construction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cornellsun.com/node/17482|title=Cornell, Qatar and Hamas|work=The Cornell Daily Sun|accessdate=June 18, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607061049/http://www.cornellsun.com/node/17482|archivedate=June 7, 2011}}</ref> The medical center is housed in a large two-story structure designed by [[Arata Isozaki]], an internationally known Japanese architect.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cornell.edu/academics/colleges.cfm|title=Colleges, Schools, and Faculties|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=May 22, 2006}}</ref> In 2004, the Qatar Foundation announced the construction of a 350-bed Specialty Teaching Hospital near the medical college in Education City. The hospital was to be completed in a few years.<ref name=aboutqatar/>

===Other facilities===
Cornell University owns and/or operates other facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.international.cornell.edu/unit |title=International Gateway |publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=June 25, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060617110255/http://www.international.cornell.edu/unit/ |archivedate=June 17, 2006 }}</ref> The [[Arecibo Observatory]] in [[Puerto Rico]], site of the world's largest single-dish [[radio telescope]], was operated by Cornell under a contract with the [[National Science Foundation]] from its construction until 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naic.edu|title=Aricebo Observatory|publisher=National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center|accessdate=May 22, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508105758/http://www.naic.edu/|archivedate=May 8, 2006}}</ref> The [[Shoals Marine Laboratory]], operated in conjunction with the [[University of New Hampshire]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sml.cornell.edu|title=Shoals Marine Laboratory|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=May 22, 2006}}</ref> is a seasonal marine field station dedicated to undergraduate education and research on the 95-acre (0.4&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) [[Appledore Island]] off the [[Maine]]–[[New Hampshire]] coast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sml.cornell.edu/sml_welcome_mission.html|title=Welcome - Our Mission|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref>
[[File:Cornell War Memorial.jpg|thumb|left|A [[World War I]] Memorial on Cornell's [[Cornell West Campus|West Campus]] in Ithaca]]
Cornell has facilities devoted to [[conservation (ethic)|conservation]] and [[ecology]]. The [[New York State Agricultural Experiment Station]], operated by the [[Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences|College of Agriculture and Life Sciences]], is in [[Geneva, New York]], 50&nbsp;miles (80&nbsp;km) northwest of the main campus. It operates three substations: The Cornell Lake Erie Research and Extension Laboratory (CLEREL) in [[Portland, New York]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/lake-erie/ |title=Cornell Lake Erie Research and Extension Laboratory|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref> Hudson Valley Laboratory in [[Highland, Ulster County, New York|Highland]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/hudson/index.php|title=Hudson Valley Research Laboratory|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref> and the Long Island Horticultural Research Laboratory in [[Riverhead (town), New York|Riverhead]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://hort.cals.cornell.edu/cals/hort/about/facilities/other_sites.cfm#longisland |title=Other sites|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref>
[[File:Artmuseum22.jpg|thumb|right|Cornell's [[Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art]], designed by [[I. M. Pei|I.M. Pei]]]]
The [[Cornell Lab of Ornithology]] in Ithaca's Sapsucker Woods performs research on [[biodiversity|biological diversity]], primarily in birds.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us, Annual Report, Staff Directory, Visit, Cornell Lab of Ornithology |publisher=Cornell University|url= http://www.birds.cornell.edu/netcommunity/page.aspx?pid=1609|accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref> On April 18, 2005, the lab announced that it had rediscovered the [[ivory-billed woodpecker]], long thought to be [[extinct]] (Some experts disputed the evidence and subsequent surveys were inconclusive).<ref>{{cite web|title=Current & Archived News Items—Ivory-billed Woodpecker |publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 14, 2010|url= http://www.birds.cornell.edu/ivory/more_info/}}</ref> The Animal Science Teaching and Research Center in [[Harford, New York]], and the Duck Research Laboratory in [[Eastport, New York]], are resources for information on animal disease control and [[husbandry]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/facilities.html|title=Facilities – Department of Animal Science|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.duckhealth.com/ducklab.html|title=Duck Research Laboratory|publisher=International Duck Research Cooperative, Inc.|accessdate=May 22, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513105412/http://www.duckhealth.com/ducklab.html|archive-date=May 13, 2006|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

The Cornell Biological Field Station in [[Bridgeport, New York]], conducts long-term ecological research and supports the university's educational programs, with special emphasis on [[freshwater]] [[lake]] systems.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnr.cornell.edu/fieldst/cbfs.htm|title=Cornell Biological Field Station|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=May 22, 2006|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060221023530/http://www.dnr.cornell.edu/fieldst/cbfs.htm<!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate=February 21, 2006}}</ref> The Department of Horticulture operates the Freeville Organic Research Farm and Homer C. Thompson Vegetable Research Farm in [[Freeville, New York]].<ref name=factbook/> The university operates biodiversity laboratories in [[Punta Cana]], [[Dominican Republic]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/Chronicle/03/3.6.03/PuntaCana_consortium.html|title=Biodiversity lab in Punta Cana expands into a new consortium|publisher=Cornell News Service |accessdate=May 22, 2006}}</ref> and one in the Peruvian [[Amazon Rainforest]] ([[Cornell University Esbaran Amazon Field Laboratory]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://labs.plantbio.cornell.edu/cbl/EsBaran.html|title=Cornell Undergraduate Research Program on Biodiversity|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=June 30, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712090820/http://labs.plantbio.cornell.edu/cbl/EsBaran.html|archivedate=July 12, 2006}}</ref>

The university arranges [[study abroad]] and scholarship programs. The Cornell in Washington is a program that allows students to study for a semester in [[Washington, D.C.]], holding research or [[internship]] positions while earning [[credit (education)|credit]] toward a degree.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ciw.cornell.edu|title=Cornell in Washington|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=May 22, 2006}}</ref> Cornell in [[Rome]], operated by the [[Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning|College of Architecture, Art, and Planning]], allows students to use the city as a resource for learning [[architecture]], [[urban studies]], and [[art]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.rome.cornell.edu|title=Cornell in Rome|publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=May 22, 2006}}</ref> Similarly, the Capital Semester program allows students to intern in the New York state legislature in Albany.

As [[New York State]]'s [[land grant]] college, Cornell operates a [[cooperative extension service]] with 56 offices spread out across the state, each staffed with extension educators who offer programs in five subjects: Agriculture and Food Systems; Children, Youth, and Families; Community and Economic Vitality; Environment and Natural Resources; and Nutrition and Health.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cce.cornell.edu/learnAbout/Pages/About.aspx |title=Cornell Cooperative Extension - About Extension|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=July 26, 2010}}</ref> Cornell also operates New York's Animal Health Diagnostic Center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ahdc.vet.cornell.edu/|title=NYS Animal Health Diagnostic Center at the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=July 26, 2010}}</ref>

==Organization and administration==
{| class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:90%; line-height:1.4em; width:280px;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''College/school founding'''
|-
| '''College/school''' || <center>'''Year founded'''</center>
|-
| colspan="2" |<hr />
|-
| [[Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences|Agriculture and Life Sciences]] || <center>1874</center>
|-
| [[Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning|Architecture, Art, and Planning]] || <center>1871</center>
|-
| [[Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences|Arts and Sciences]] || <center>1865</center>
|-
| [[Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management|Business]] || <center>1946</center>
|-
| [[Cornell University College of Engineering|Engineering]] || <center>1870</center>
|-
|-| [[Cornell University Computing and Information Science]] || <center>1999</center>
|-
| [[Cornell University Graduate School|Graduate Studies]] || <center>1909</center>
|-
| [[Cornell University School of Hotel Administration|Hotel Administration]] || <center>1922</center>
|-
| [[Cornell University College of Human Ecology|Human Ecology]] || <center>1925</center>
|-
| [[Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations|Industrial and Labor Relations]]|| <center>1945</center>
|-
| [[Cornell Law School|Law]] || <center>1887</center>
|-
| [[Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences|Medical Sciences]] || <center>1952</center>
|-
| [[Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University|Medicine]] || <center>1898</center>
|-
| [[Cornell Tech|Tech]] || <center>2011</center>
|-
| [[Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine|Veterinary Medicine]]|| <center>1894</center>
|}

Cornell is a non-profit organization governed by a 64-member [[Cornell University Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] consisting of both privately and publicly appointed trustees. Three trustees are appointed by the [[Governor of New York]]: one seat is reserved for the eldest lineal descendant of Ezra Cornell; two members from each of the fields of agriculture, business and labor in New York state; eight trustees to be elected from among and by the alumni of the university; two trustees to be elected from among and by the faculty of the university at Ithaca and Geneva; two trustees to be elected from among and by the membership of the university's student body at Ithaca (one undergraduate and one graduate student);<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/newscornell?a=d&srpos=2&cl=search&d=CDS19810512.2.10.2&e=--------20--1----Earl+Schuyler+Flansburgh-all|title=Trustees Discuss Role Students Play on Board|work=Cornell Daily Sun|volume=97 |number=140|page=10|date=May 12, 1981|accessdate=December 8, 2010}}</ref> and one trustee to be elected from among and by the nonacademic staff and employees of the university at Ithaca and Geneva, 37&nbsp;trustees at large and finally, the Governor, [[Majority Leader of the New York State Senate|Temporary President of the Senate]], [[Speaker of the New York State Assembly|Speaker of the Assembly]], and president of the university serve in an ''[[ex officio]]'' voting capacity.<ref name=Bylaws>{{cite web|url=http://www.cornell.edu/trustees/docs/012210-cu-bylaws.pdf |title=Bylaws of Cornell University|publisher=Board of Trustees, Cornell University|accessdate=October 2, 2010}}</ref><ref>New York State Education Law §5703.</ref> Robert Harrison has served as the chairman of the board since 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2011/03/robert-harrison-elected-next-chair-cornells-board|title=Robert Harrison elected next chair of Cornell's board, succeeding Peter Meinig |newspaper=Cornell Chronicle|last=Kelley|first=Susan|accessdate=November 4, 2015}}</ref> The board elects a President to serve as the chief executive and educational officer.<ref name=Bylaws/>

[[Martha E. Pollack]] was inaugurated as Cornell's fourteenth president on August 25, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mediak|first1=Gabrielle|title=Thousands attend Cornell University's 14th presidential inauguration|url=http://www.twcnews.com/nys/binghamton/news/2017/08/25/thousands-attend-cornell-university-s-14th-presidential-inauguration-.html|accessdate=August 26, 2017|publisher=Spectrum News|date=August 25, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Butler|first1=Matt|title=Martha Pollack inaugurated as Cornell's newest president|url=http://www.ithaca.com/news/ithaca/martha-pollack-inaugurated-as-cornell-s-newest-president/article_d815482c-895d-11e7-9956-c36052649e5e.html|accessdate=August 26, 2017|publisher=Ithaca.com|date=August 25, 2017}}</ref> She succeeded [[Elizabeth Garrett]], who served from July 2015 until her death from [[colon cancer]] on March 6, 2016 — the first [[List of presidents of Cornell University|Cornell president]] to die while in office.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.inauguration.cornell.edu/|title=Inauguration of Elizabeth Garrett |publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=November 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Chronicle-Death">{{cite news|last1=Wilensky|first1=Joe|title=President Elizabeth Garrett dies of colon cancer at age 52|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2016/03/president-elizabeth-garrett-dies-colon-cancer-age-52|accessdate=March 8, 2016|publisher=Cornell Chronicle|date=March 7, 2016}}</ref>

The Board of Trustees hold four regular meetings each year, and portions of those meetings are subject to the [[Open Meeting Law|New York State Open Meetings Law]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/newscornell?a=d&srpos=26&cl=search&d=CDS19810527.2.3.1&e=--------20--21----open+meeting+law+cornell+trustees-all|title=Court Rules Against C.U. In Open Meetings Appeal University Limits Public Access|work=Cornell Daily Sun|date=May 27, 1981|accessdate=December 14, 2010|volume=97|number=144|author=Jon Landsman}}</ref>

Cornell consists of nine privately endowed and four publicly supported "[[statutory college]]s": the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Human Ecology, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, and College of Veterinary Medicine. These statutory colleges received $131.9&nbsp;million in [[State University of New York|SUNY]] appropriations in 2010-2011 to support their teaching, research, and service missions, which makes them accountable to SUNY trustees and other state agencies. The budget also includes $3.9 million of state funds for Cornell Cooperative Extension.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.suny.edu/GovtRelations/state/pdf/BudgetDocument.pdf|title=State University of New York 2010-2011 Budget|accessdate=December 19, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60ExSq6zT?url=http://www.suny.edu/GovtRelations/state/pdf/BudgetDocument.pdf|archivedate=July 17, 2011}}</ref><ref name=Ramanujan>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/April07/2007StateBudget.kr.html|title=State budget pleases CU administrators |last=Ramanujan|first=Krishna |date=April 17, 2007|work=The Cornell Chronicle|accessdate=July 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Graffeo 2005">{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/nyctap/search/display.html?terms=&url=/nyctap/I05_0016.htm|title=3 No. 14: In the Matter of Jeremy W. Alderson v. New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University, et al.|last=Graffeo|first=Victoria A.|date=February 17, 2005|publisher=[[Cornell University Law School]]|accessdate=September 20, 2010}}</ref> Residents of New York enrolled in these colleges also qualify for discounted tuition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/LAWSSEAF.cgi?QUERYTYPE=LAWS+&QUERYDATA=@SLEDN0T1A8|title=NYS Education Law §§ 350(3), 352(3) and 357|publisher=[[New York State Legislature]]|accessdate=July 26, 2010}}</ref> However, [[New York State Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[Eliot Spitzer]] issued a 2005 opinion asserting that, with respect to their academic activities, statutory colleges should be understood to be private, non-state parties.<ref name="Spitzer 2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.oag.state.ny.us/bureaus/appeals_opinions/opinions/2005/formal/2005_f2.pdf |title=Agreements between state agencies and Cornell University to procure academic services from the statutory or contract colleges administered by Cornell should be regarded as contracts between a state party and a non-state party. |last=Spitzer |first=Eliot |publisher=New York State |date=September 14, 2005 |accessdate=July 26, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326111507/http://www.oag.state.ny.us/bureaus/appeals_opinions/opinions/2005/formal/2005_f2.pdf |archivedate=March 26, 2009 |df= }}</ref><sup>:1</sup>

Cornell is [[decentralized]], with its colleges and schools exercising wide autonomy. Each defines its own academic programs, operates its own [[college admissions|admissions]] and advising programs, and confers its own [[academic degree|degrees]]. The only university-wide requirements for a [[Bachelor's degree|baccalaureate]] degree are to pass a [[human swimming|swimming]] test, take two [[physical education]] courses, and satisfy a writing requirement. A handful of inter-school academic departments offer courses in more than one college.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cis.cornell.edu/studying.html|title=Studying Computing and Information Science|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 20, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828233933/http://www.cis.cornell.edu/studying.html|archivedate=August 28, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://biology.cornell.edu/academics/|title=Cornell Biology: Intro to the Major|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 20, 2010}}</ref> All academic departments are affiliated with at least one college; the last department without such an affiliation, the [[Cornell Africana Studies and Research Center]], merged with the College of Arts and Sciences in July 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cornellsun.com/section/news/content/2010/12/02/day-hall-merges-africana-center-arts-college-director-resigns-protes |title=Day Hall Merges Africana Center Into Arts College; Director Resigns in Protest |first1=Lawrence |last1=Lan |first2=Ben |last2=Gitlin |work=Cornell Daily Sun |date=December 2, 2010 |accessdate=December 8, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112043314/http://cornellsun.com/section/news/content/2010/12/02/day-hall-merges-africana-center-arts-college-director-resigns-protes |archivedate=January 12, 2012 |df= }}</ref>
[[File:ADWhiteReadingRoom, CornellUniversity.jpg|thumb|left|The [[A.D. White]] Reading Room, which contains much of the 30,000 volume collection donated to the university by its co-founder and first president]]
Seven schools provide undergraduate programs and an additional seven provide graduate and professional programs. Students pursuing graduate degrees in departments of these schools are enrolled in the [[Cornell University Graduate School|Graduate School]]. The [[Cornell University School of Continuing Education and Summer Sessions|School of Continuing Education and Summer Sessions]] offers programs for college and high school students, professionals, and other adults.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.sce.cornell.edu|title=School of Continuing Education and Summer Sessions|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate= June 2, 2006}}</ref> Of the 15,182 undergraduate students, 4,602 (30.3%) are affiliated with the largest college by enrollment, [[Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences|Arts and Sciences]], followed by 3,203 (21.1%) in [[Cornell University College of Engineering|Engineering]] and 3,101 (20.4%) in [[Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences|Agriculture and Life Sciences]]. By student enrollment, the smallest of the seven undergraduate colleges is [[Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning|Architecture, Art, and Planning]], with 503 (3.3%) students.<ref name=IRP_E/>

Several other universities have used Cornell as their model, including [[Stanford University]], the [[University of Sydney]] in Australia, and the [[University of Birmingham]] in the United Kingdom; the last did so on the recommendation of one of its financiers, [[Andrew Carnegie]], who was a Cornell Trustee.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=R. H. T. |date=November 29, 1899 |title=The Carnegie Committee |journal=Cornell Alumni News |publisher=Cornell University; Cornell Alumni Federation. |volume=2 |issue=10 |page=74 |issn=1058-3467 |oclc=3457846 |url=http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/3164/11/002_10.pdf |accessdate=July 26, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717180854/http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/3164/11/002_10.pdf |archivedate=July 17, 2011 |df= }}</ref>

The university also operates [[eCornell]], which offers both certificate programs and professional development courses online.<ref name="About_eCornell">{{cite web |url=http://www.ecornell.com/about-ecornell|title=About eCornell|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 23, 2009}}</ref> In addition to being New York's land-grant college, Cornell is also a partner in New York's sea-grant program,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seagrant.sunysb.edu/article.asp?ArticleID=39|title=NYSG: What is New York Sea Grant?|publisher=New York Sea Grant|accessdate=September 19, 2010}}</ref> is the hub of the Northeast's sun-grant program,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cals.cornell.edu/cals/public/comm/news/archive/sungrant-institute.cfm |title=Cornell tapped for regional Sun Grant hub to use $8&nbsp;million in U.S. funds to spearhead next green revolution|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 19, 2010}}</ref> and is a part of New York's space-grant consortium.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://astrosun2.astro.cornell.edu/specialprograms/spacegrant/|title=New York NASA Space Grant Consortium |publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 19, 2010}}</ref>

In 2015, Cornell ranked fifth among universities in the U.S. in fund-raising, collecting [[United States dollar|$]]591&nbsp;million in private support.<ref name="TimeDonations">[http://time.com/money/4195204/2015-donations-colleges-universities/ 2015 Donations to Colleges and Universities], accessed March 10, 2016.</ref> In addition to the central University development staff located in Ithaca and New York City, each college and program has its own staffed fundraising program. In 2006, Cornell launched a $4&nbsp;billion fundraising campaign, which reached $3&nbsp;billion in November 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Nov10/campaign3B.html|title=Cornell campaign surpasses $3&nbsp;billion mark|date=November 18, 2010|work=Cornell Chronicle |first=Claudia |last=Wheatley|accessdate=December 8, 2010}}</ref>  In 2013, Cornell's "Cornell Now" fundraising campaign raised over $475 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/09/cornell-now-sets-fundraising-records-fy-2013 |title='Cornell Now' sets fundraising records in FY 2013 &#124; Cornell Chronicle |publisher=News.cornell.edu |date=September 19, 2013 |accessdate=August 24, 2014}}</ref>

==Academics==
[[File:0659 07 079 select (1).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sage Hall]], home to the [[Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management]]]]
Cornell is a large, primarily residential research university with a majority of enrollments in undergraduate programs.<ref name="Carnegie">{{cite web |url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=190415 |title=Institution Profile - Cornell University |publisher=Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching |accessdate={{today}}}}</ref> The university has been [[accreditation|accredited]] by the [[Middle States Commission on Higher Education]] since 1921.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dpb.cornell.edu/IP_A_Accreditation.htm|title=Accreditation Overview |publisher=Division of Planning and Budget, Cornell University |accessdate=September 30, 2010}}</ref> Cornell operates on a 4–1–4 academic calendar with the fall term beginning in late August and ending in early December, a three-week winter session in January, and the spring term beginning in late January and ending in early May.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cornell.edu/academics/calendar/academic_calendar.pdf|title=Academic Calendar 2010-2011 -- 2014-2015|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 30, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923215714/http://cornell.edu/academics/calendar/academic_calendar.pdf|archivedate=September 23, 2010}}</ref>

Cornell and [[Oregon State University]] are two of the three institutions, with the recent addition of [[Pennsylvania State University]], which are members of the [[Land-grant university|Land Grant]], [[National Sea Grant College Program|Sea Grant]], [[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space Grant]], and [[Sun grant colleges|Sun Grant]] programs.

===Admissions===
Admission to the university is highly competitive.  For Fall 2018, Cornell received over 51,000 freshmen applications; 5,288 were admitted, a 10.3% acceptance rate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/03/class-2022-selected-record-number-applicants/ |title=Class of 2022 selected from record number of applicants |publisher=''The Cornell Chronicle''|date=November 16, 2018}}</ref>  For the Fall 2018 enrolling freshmen, the middle 50% range of [[SAT]] scores were 680-750 for evidence-based reading and writing, and 710-790 for math.<ref name=FCTBK>{{cite web |url=http://irp.dpb.cornell.edu/university-factbook|title=University Factbook: Profile of the Freshman Class of 2022 |publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=November 16, 2018}}</ref>  The middle 50% range of the [[ACT (test)|ACT]] Composite score was 32-34.<ref name=FCTBK/>

As of Fall 2018, Cornell enrolled students from all 50 U.S. states and 116 countries, and 22.9% of undergraduate students identified themselves as members of underrepresented [[minority group]]s.<ref name=IRP_E/> Legacy applicants receive a slight advantage in the admission process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1038891600|title=Dear Uncle Ezra: Question 4|date=December 3, 2002|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=July 26, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619134326/http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1038891600|archivedate=June 19, 2010}}</ref>

===Financial aid===
[[File:Jennie McGraw sarcophagus, Sage Chapel, Cornell Univ Ithaca NY.jpg|thumb|right|The [[sarcophagus]] in [[Sage Chapel]] of [[Jennie McGraw]], Cornell [[benefactor (law)|benefactress]]]]
Section 9 of the original charter of Cornell University ensured that the university "shall be open to applicants for admission&nbsp;... at the lowest rates of expense consistent with its welfare and efficiency, and without distinction as to rank, class, previous occupation or locality."<ref name="charter">{{Cite book|last=United States. Dept. of Education|title=Report of the Commissioner of Education, with circulars and documents accompanying the same|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jm8FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA191|accessdate=July 26, 2010|year=1868|publisher=Government Printing Office|pages=191–192|chapter=An Act to establish Cornell University, and to appropriate to it the income of the sale of public lands granted to this State by Act of Congress, July 2, 1862.}}</ref> The University Charter provided for free instruction to one student chosen from each Assembly district in the state.<ref name=charter/>

Starting in the 1950s Cornell coordinated with other Ivy League schools to provide a consistent set of financial aid. However, in 1989, a consent decree to end a Justice Department antitrust investigation ended such coordination.<ref name="2005-06 Financial Plan">{{cite web|url=http://dpb.cornell.edu/documents/1000030.pdf|publisher=Cornell University|title=2005-06 Financial Plan|page=5}}</ref> Even after the decree, all Ivy League schools continue to award aid on financial need without offering any athletic scholarships.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/WhatIsIvy/compliance.asp |publisher=[[Ivy League]]|title=NCAA Rules: A guide for Ivy Alumni and Friends of Athletics |accessdate=April 11, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308165649/http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/WhatIsIvy/compliance.asp|archivedate=March 8, 2008}}</ref> In December 2010, Cornell announced a policy of matching any grant component of financial aid offers from other Ivy League schools, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], [[Duke University]] or [[Stanford University|Stanford]], if an accepted applicant is trying to decide between Cornell and those other schools.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Dec10/AidMatch.html|title=Cornell to match financial aid offers of peer universities|date=December 7, 2010|publisher=Cornell Chronicle|accessdate=December 8, 2010}}</ref>

On January 31, 2008, Cornell announced a new financial aid initiative to be phased in over the following two years. In the first year, 2008–09, Cornell replaced need-based loans with scholarships for undergraduate students from families with incomes under $60,000 and capped such loans annually at $3,000 for students from families with incomes between $60,000 and $120,000. The following year, 2009–10, the program improved by replacing loan with scholarships for students from families with incomes up to $75,000, and capped annual loans at $3,000 for students from families with income between $75,000 and $120,000.  For families above $120,000, need-based loans were capped at $7,500 per year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cornellsun.com/section/news/content/2008/12/05/cu’s-new-aid-plan-will-help-during-econ-crisis|title=C.U.'s New Aid Plan Will Help During Econ. Crisis|work=Cornell Daily Sun|date=December 5, 2008|accessdate=December 15, 2010|first=Sam|last=Cross|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910104917/http://cornellsun.com/section/news/content/2008/12/05/cu%E2%80%99s-new-aid-plan-will-help-during-econ-crisis|archivedate=September 10, 2011}}</ref> The initiative costs an additional $14&nbsp;million per year to fully implement.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Jan08/finAid.html|title=Cornell drops need-based loans for students from families earning under $75,000|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref> Although Cornell's endowment dropped 27% in the second half of 2008, its President announced that the financial aid initiative will continue by withdrawing an additional $35&nbsp;million from the endowment for undergraduate financial aid in 2009-10.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Trustees approve budget cuts to safeguard strength of Cornell|publisher=Cornell University|date=January 25, 2009|first=David|last= Skorton|url=http://www.cornell.edu/president/statements/2009/20090125-fy2009-budget.cfm|accessdate=July 26, 2010}}</ref> Cornell is seeking $125&nbsp;million in gifts to support the financial aid initiative.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.campaign.cornell.edu/scholarship/|title=Scholarship Aid|publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=September 17, 2010}}</ref> In 2010, 1,647 of the 3,181 full-time freshmen enrolled were found to have financial need (40%).<ref name=fa/> Of these, Cornell could meet the full financial aid needs of all 1,647 freshmen. Cornell's average undergraduate student's indebtedness at graduation is $21,549.<ref name=fa>{{cite web|url= http://collegesearch.collegeboard.com/search/CollegeDetail.jsp?collegeId=15&profileId=2|title=College Search - Cornell University|work=College Board |accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref>

===International programs===
[[File:Bhangra.JPG|thumb|right|Students performing a [[Dandiya Raas|Raas]], a traditional folk dance from [[India]]]]
Cornell offers undergraduate curricula with international focuses, including the [[African Studies|Africana Studies]], French Studies, German Studies, [[Jewish Studies]], [[Latino studies|Latino Studies]], Near Eastern Studies, [[Romance studies|Romance Studies]], and [[Russian Literature]] majors.<ref name=factbook/> In addition to traditional academic programs, Cornell students may study abroad on any of six continents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cuabroad.cornell.edu/programchoices/regions.asp|title=Cornell Abroad - University & Program Choices|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=January 1, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230172448/http://www.cuabroad.cornell.edu/programchoices/regions.asp|archivedate=December 30, 2005}}</ref>

The [[Asian Studies]] major, South Asia Program, [[Cornell South East Asia Program|South East Asia Program]] and China and Asia-Pacific Studies (CAPS) major provide opportunities for students and researchers in Asia. Cornell has an agreement with [[Peking University]] allowing students in the CAPS major to spend a semester in [[Beijing]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Nov05/Rawlings_China_signing.html|title= Cornell China major sealed in Beijing as Rawlings signs agreement with Peking University|publisher=Cornell News Service|accessdate=January 1, 2006}}</ref> Similarly, the [[Cornell University College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] has an agreement to exchange faculty and graduate students with [[Tsinghua University]] in [[Beijing]], and the [[Cornell University School of Hotel Administration|School of Hotel Administration]] has a joint master's program with [[Nanyang Technological University]] in [[Singapore]]. The [[Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences|College of Agriculture and Life Sciences]] has signed an agreement with Japan's National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Oct05/Ishige.kr.html|title=Japanese officials sign agreement|publisher=Cornell News Service|accessdate=May 23, 2006}}</ref> and with the [[University of the Philippines, Los Baños]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.news.cornell.edu/chronicle/05/2.10.05/Henry_Philippines.html|title= Susan Henry continues Asia tour; signs agreement with Los Baños|publisher=Cornell News Service|accessdate=October 19, 2006}}</ref> to engage in joint research and exchange graduate students and faculty members. It also cooperates in agricultural research with the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Dec05/India.MOU.ssl.html|title=Cornell and India sign new agreement for agricultural development|publisher=Cornell News Service|accessdate=January 1, 2006}}</ref> Cornell also offers a course on International consulting in association with [[Indian Institute of Management Bangalore]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://courses.cornell.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=12&coid=97483|title=NBA 5760 - International Consulting Practicum}}</ref>

In the [[Middle East]], Cornell's efforts focus on biology and medicine. The [[Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar]] trains new doctors to improve health services in the region.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://qatar-weill.cornell.edu/aboutUs/purposeMission.html|title=Purpose and Mission|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 16, 2010}}</ref> The university is also developing the Bridging the Rift Center, a "Library of Life" (or [[database]] of all living systems) on the border of [[Israel]] and [[Jordan]], in collaboration with those two countries and [[Stanford University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Feb04/BTR.CUresearch.deb.html |title=Cornell and Stanford to work with Israel and Jordan on Bridging the Rift research center to include world's first databank for all living systems|publisher =Cornell News Service|accessdate=January 1, 2006}}</ref> Cornell has partnered with [[Queen's University]] in Canada to offer a joint [[Executive MBA]]. The innovative program includes both on-campus and [[videoconferencing]]-based, interactive virtual classroom sessions. Graduates of the program earn both a Cornell MBA and a Queen's MBA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.johnson.cornell.edu/academic/boardroom/|title=Johnson School - Boardroom Executive MBA|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=August 12, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821231619/http://www.johnson.cornell.edu/academic/boardroom/|archivedate=August 21, 2006}}</ref>

Cornell University is member of the [[United Nations Academic Impact]] aligning institutions of higher education to the [[United Nations]] and promoting international cooperation.

===Rankings===
<!-- Please put department-specific rankings in the article for that particular college-->
{{Infobox US university ranking
<!-- U.S. rankings -->
| ARWU_NU  = 10
| USNWR_NU = 16
| THE_WSJ = 11
| Forbes   = 13
| Wamo_NU  = 31
<!-- Global rankings -->
| ARWU_W   = 12
| QS_W     = 14
| THES_W   = 19
| USNWR_W  = 23
}}
In 2015, Cornell ranked 8th domestically and 10th internationally in the CWUR rankings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cwur.org/2015/|title=Center for World University Rankings 2015}}</ref> Cornell ranked 14th in the 2018 edition of the [[QS World University Rankings]] and 19th in the 2017 edition of the [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2016|title=QS World University Rankings® 2016/17|publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited|accessdate=September 7, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2017/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank_label/sort_order/asc/cols/rank_only|title=World University Rankings 2016-2017|publisher=Times Higher Education|accessdate=September 23, 2016}}</ref> The university ranked 10th in the 2013 ''[[Business Insider]]'' Best Colleges in America ranking,<ref>{{cite web|author1=Melissa Stanger |author2=Melia Robinson |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/best-colleges-in-america-2013-10?op=1 |title=Best Colleges In America |publisher=Business Insider |date=November 4, 2013 |accessdate=August 24, 2014}}</ref> tied for 16th in the 2019 ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' National Universities ranking,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities|title= U.S. News National Universities Rankings|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|accessdate=January 27, 2019}}</ref> and 13th globally in an academic ranking of world universities by [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]] in 2015, and 7th in the United States by the [[QS World University Rankings]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2015.html|title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015|publisher=ShanghaiRanking Consultancy|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref>  Cornell was ranked 27th nationally in ''[[The Washington Monthly]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 2016 ranking of universities' contributions to research, community service, and [[social mobility]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://washingtonmonthly.com/college_guide?ranking=2016-rankings-national-universities|title=2016 National Universities Rankings|publisher=''Washington Monthly''|accessdate=September 7, 2016}}</ref> In 2017, the university was ranked 7th in ''The Princeton Review'''s "Top 50 Green Colleges".<ref>{{cite web|title = Cornell is Ranked 7th on The Princeton Review's New "Top 50 Green Colleges" List|url = http://www.princetonreview.com/college-rankings?rankings=top-50-green-colleges|website = Princeton Review|access-date = November 21, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Cornell commencement 2008.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Cornell's 2008 [[graduation|commencement]] ceremony at [[Schoellkopf Field]]]]

In its annual edition of "America's Best Architecture & Design Schools", the journal ''Design Intelligence'' has consistently ranked Cornell's Bachelor of Architecture program as number one in the nation (2000–2002, 2005–2007, 2009–2013 and 2015-2016). In the 2011 survey, the program ranked first and the Master of Architecture program ranked sixth.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.aap.cornell.edu/news/newsitem.cfm?customel_datapageid_2892=128950|title =Cornell University Architecture Program No. 1|publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=January 28, 2009}}</ref> In 2017, Design Intelligence ranked Cornell's Master of Landscape Architecture program 4th in the nation with the Bachelor of Science in Landscape Architecture program ranking 5th among its undergraduate counterparts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dirt.asla.org/2010/12/06/designintelligence-2011-landscape-architecture-program-rankings/|title=DesignIntelligence 2011 Landscape Architecture Program Rankings |publisher=ASLA|accessdate=November 21, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://worldlandscapearchitect.com/category/resources/education/|title=Penn State and Kansas State rise up the Best American Landscape Architecture Schools lists|publisher=World Landscape Architecture|accessdate=November 21, 2011}}</ref>  Among business schools in the United States, the Johnson School of Management at Cornell was named the No. 10 business school by ''[[Forbes]]'' in 2015,<ref>{{cite web|title = Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management|url = https://www.forbes.com/colleges/cornell-university/samuel-curtis-johnson-graduate-school-of-management/|website = Forbes|access-date = February 20, 2016}}</ref> 8th by ''[[The Washington Post]]'' for salary potential, 14th overall by Poets and Quants<ref>{{cite web|title = Cornell University's Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management - Poets and Quants|url = http://poetsandquants.com/school-profile/samuel-curtis-johnson-graduate-school-of-management-at-cornell-university/|website = Poets and Quants|access-date = February 21, 2016|language = en-US}}</ref> but ranked 4th for Investment Banking<ref>{{cite web|title = Best MBAs For I-Banking Jobs - Page 2 of 2|url = http://poetsandquants.com/2016/02/02/best-mba-programs-for-jobs-in-investment-banking/2/|website = Poets and Quants|access-date = February 21, 2016|first = Jeff|last = SchmittPoets|first2 = QuantsAuthor on February|last2 = 2|first3 = 2016|last3 = Print}}</ref> and 6th for salary,<ref>{{cite web|title = What Graduating MBAs Made In 2015 - Page 3 of 3|url = http://poetsandquants.com/2016/01/20/what-graduating-mbas-made-in-2015/3/|website = Poets and Quants|access-date = February 21, 2016|first = John A.|last = ByrnePoets|first2 = QuantsAuthor on January|last2 = 20|first3 = 2016|last3 = Print}}</ref> 16th by ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'' in 2015,<ref name=PQ>{{cite web|title = Cornell University's Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management - Poets and Quants|url = http://poetsandquants.com/school-profile/samuel-curtis-johnson-graduate-school-of-management-at-cornell-university/|website = Poets and Quants|access-date = February 20, 2016}}</ref>  and 15th by [[The Economist]] in 2015.<ref name=PQ/> The Johnson school was ranked No. 2 by ''Bloomberg Businessweek''.<ref>{{cite web|title = MBA Rankings: Top Schools for Sustainability|url = https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2013-01-22/mba-rankings-top-schools-for-sustainability|website = BloombergView|access-date = February 20, 2016}}</ref>

Cornell's [[international relations]] offerings are also ranked in ''[[Foreign Policy (magazine)|Foreign Policy]]'' magazine's [[Inside the Ivory Tower]] survey, which lists the world's top twenty of such programs at the undergraduate, Master's and Ph.D. levels.<ref name="ivorytower2012">{{cite news|last=Avey|title=Ivory Tower|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/ivory_tower|accessdate=February 6, 2012|newspaper=Foreign Policy|date=Jan–Feb 2012|display-authors=etal}}</ref> In 2012, the survey ranked Cornell 11th overall for doctoral programs and 12th overall in the undergraduate category.<ref name="tripsurvey">{{cite web|title=TRIP Around the World: Teaching, Research, and Policy Views of International Relations Faculty in 20 Countries |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/ivory_tower |work=Institute for the Theory and Practice of International Relations|publisher=College of William & Mary|accessdate=February 6, 2012}}</ref> In 2015, Cornell University was ranked 3rd in [[New York State]] by average professor salaries.<ref>{{cite web|author=Brian Tumulty |url=http://www.ithacajournal.com/story/news/local/2015/04/13/new-york-professor-pay/25683261/ |title=Half of N.Y. colleges pay profs less than $100K |publisher=Ithacajournal.com |date=April 13, 2015 |accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref>

===Library===
[[File:Cornell Law School Library.JPG|thumb|upright|The [[Cornell Law School#Library|Cornell Law Library]] is one of 12 national depositories for print records of briefs filed with the [[United States Supreme Court|U.S. Supreme Court]].]]
{{Main|Cornell University Library}}
The Cornell University Library is the 11th largest academic library in the United States, ranked by number of [[book#Collections of books|volumes]] held.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dpb.cornell.edu/documents/1000262.pdf|title=Top Twenty University Research Libraries Ranked By Number of Volumes Held|publisher= Association of Research Libraries|accessdate=July 9, 2006}}</ref> Organized into 20 divisions, in 2005 it held 7.5&nbsp;million printed volumes in open stacks, 8.2&nbsp;million [[microfilm]]s and [[microfiche]]s, and a total of 440,000 maps, motion pictures, DVDs, sound recordings, and computer files in its collections, in addition to extensive digital resources and the University Archives.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.cornell.edu/about/Annual-Report_2005.pdf|title=Cornell University Library: Annual Report 2005|publisher=Cornell University Library|accessdate=June 5, 2006|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060621031712/http://www.library.cornell.edu/about/Annual-Report_2005.pdf|archivedate=June 21, 2006}}</ref> It was the first among all U.S. colleges and universities to allow [[undergraduates]] to borrow books from its libraries.<ref name=factbook/> In 2006, ''[[The Princeton Review]]'' ranked it as the 11th best college library,<ref name="princeton 2006">{{cite web|url= http://www.princetonreview.com/college/research/profiles/rankings.asp?listing=1023589&ltid=1&intbucketid=|title=The Best 361 Colleges Rankings|work=The Princeton Review |accessdate=May 23, 2006}}</ref> and it climbed to 6th best in 2009.<ref name="princeton 2009">{{cite web| url = http://www.princetonreview.com/schoollist.aspx?type=r&id=687&RDN=1= |title=The Best 361 Colleges Rankings|work=The Princeton Review|accessdate=March 25, 2010}}</ref> The library plays an active role in furthering online archiving of scientific and historical documents. [[arXiv]], an [[e-print]] archive created at [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] by [[Paul Ginsparg]], is operated and primarily funded by Cornell as part of the library's services. The archive has changed the way many [[physicist]]s and [[mathematician]]s communicate, making the e-print a viable and popular means of announcing new research.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.library.cornell.edu/news/arxiv|title=Cornell University Library Engages More Institutions in Supporting arXiv|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=Cornell University Library |accessdate=September 16, 2010}}</ref>

===Press and scholarly publications===
{{main|Cornell University Press}}
The Cornell University Press, established in 1869 but inactive from 1884 to 1930, was the first university [[publishing]] enterprise in the United States.<ref name="Bishop1962">{{cite book |last=Bishop|first=Morris|title=A history of Cornell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUu9pDRhWjkC&pg=PA127|accessdate=December 14, 2010|year=1962|publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-0036-0|page=127}}</ref><ref name=press>{{cite web|url= http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/cup8_presshistory.html|title=The History of the Cornell University Press |publisher=Cornell University Press|accessdate= January 1, 2006}}</ref> Today, the press is one of the country's largest [[university press]]es.<ref name=factbook/> It produces approximately 150 nonfiction titles each year in various disciplines including anthropology, Asian studies, biological sciences, classics, history, industrial relations, literary criticism and theory, natural history, politics and international relations, veterinary science, and women's studies.<ref name=press/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/cup8_authors.html|title=Cornell University Press: Information for Authors|publisher=Cornell University Press| accessdate=June 6, 2006}}</ref>

Cornell's academic units and student groups also publish a number of scholarly journals. Faculty-led publications include the Johnson School's ''[[Administrative Science Quarterly]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.johnson.cornell.edu/publications/asq/ |title=Administrative Science Quarterly (ASQ) |accessdate=September 15, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823112148/http://www.johnson.cornell.edu/publications/asq/ |archivedate=August 23, 2010 |df= }}</ref> the ILR School's ''[[Industrial and Labor Relations Review]]'', the Arts and Sciences Philosophy Department's ''[[The Philosophical Review]]'', the College of Architecture, Art, and Planning's ''[[Cornell Journal of Architecture|Journal of Architecture]]'', and the Law School's ''[[Journal of Empirical Legal Studies]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1740-1453&site=1/|title=Journal of Empirical Legal Studies |publisher=Wiley |accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref>  Student-led scholarly publications include the ''[[Cornell Law Review|Law Review]]'', the Cornell Institute for Public Affairs' ''[[Cornell Policy Review]]'', the ''[[Cornell International Law Journal|International Law Journal]]'', the ''[[Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy|Journal of Law and Public Policy]]'', the ''[[Cornell International Affairs Review|International Affairs Review]]'', and the ''[[Cornell HR Review|HR Review]]''. ''[[Physical Review]]'', recognized internationally as among the best and well known journals of physics, was founded at Cornell in 1893 before being later managed by the [[American Physical Society]].

==Research==
[[File:Decentrhodeshall.jpg|thumb|right|Cornell's [[Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing|Center for Advanced Computing]] was one of the five original centers of the [[National Science Foundation|NSF's]] Supercomputer Centers Program.]]
[[File:Cornell Plantations lake.jpg|thumb|right|[[Cornell Botanic Gardens]], located adjacent to the Ithaca campus, is used for [[Conservation biology|conservation research]] and for recreation by Cornellians]]
[[File:Andrew Dickson White statue and Goldwin Smith Hall.jpg|thumb|right|In the basement of [[Goldwin Smith]] Hall, researchers in the [[Dendrochronology]] Lab determine the age of archaeological artifacts found at digs]]
Cornell, a research university, is ranked fourth in the world in producing the largest number of graduates who go on to pursue PhDs in [[engineering]] or the [[natural science]]s at American institutions, and fifth in the world in producing graduates who pursue PhDs at American institutions in any field.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/blogs/paper-trail/2008/07/14/chinese-schools-are-top-feeders-for-us-doctorates.html|title=Chinese Schools Are Top Feeders for U.S. Doctorates|format=URL|publisher=U.S. News and World Report |accessdate=July 24, 2008}}</ref> Research is a central element of the university's mission; in 2009 Cornell spent $671 million on science and engineering research and development, the 16th highest in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf10329/|title=Universities Report $55 Billion in Science and Engineering R&D Spending for FY 2009; Redesigned Survey to Launch in 2010|date=September 2010|publisher=National Science Foundation|accessdate=November 24, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007073615/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf10329/|archivedate=October 7, 2010}}</ref>

Astronomy faculty at Cornell have led the study of the possibility of extraterrestrial life.   [[Giuseppe Cocconi]] and [[Philip Morrison]] was co-author of the seminal 1959 paper in Nature magazine identifying some of the major issues, [[Frank Drake]] made the first search for extraterrestrial signals in 1961 with [[Project Ozma]] and created the [[Drake equation]] to estimate the number of planets with technical civilizations, [[Carl Sagan]] co-authored the influential 1966 book Intelligent Life in the Universe, and more recently [[Steve Squyres]] was the principal investigator on searching for life on [[Mars]].

For the 2016–17 fiscal year, the university spent $984.5&nbsp;million on research.<ref name=research>{{cite web|url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd|title=Rankings by total R&D expenditures|publisher=National Science Foundation|accessdate=April 19, 2019}}</ref> Federal sources constitute the largest source of research funding, with total federal investment of $438.2&nbsp;million.<ref name=agencies>{{cite web|url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=report&fice=8779&id=h3|title=Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2017–08|publisher=National Science Foundation|accessdate=April 19, 2019}}</ref> The agencies contributing the largest share of that investment are the [[Department of Health and Human Services]] and the [[National Science Foundation]], accounting for 49.6% and 24.4% of all federal investment, respectively.<ref name=agencies/> Cornell was on the top-ten list of U.S. universities receiving the most [[patent]]s in 2003, and was one of the nation's top five institutions in forming [[start-up companies]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cornell.edu/about/facts/distinction.cfm|title=Facts about Cornell - Marks of Distinction |publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=May 1, 2006}}</ref> In 2004–05, Cornell received 200 invention disclosures, filed 203 U.S. patent applications, completed 77 commercial license agreements, and distributed [[royalties]] of more than $4.1&nbsp;million to Cornell units and inventors.<ref name=factbook/>

Since 1962, Cornell has been involved in unmanned missions to [[Mars]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/rover/timeline.html|title=Cornell's role in missions to Mars: 1962–2003|publisher=Cornell News Service|accessdate= January 10, 2006}}</ref> In the 21st century, Cornell had a hand in the [[Mars Exploration Rover|Mars Exploration Rover Mission]]. Cornell's [[Steve Squyres]], Principal Investigator for the Athena Science Payload, led the selection of the landing zones and requested data collection features for the [[Spirit rover|Spirit]] and [[Opportunity rover]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&articleID=000B5749-67A2-1150-A5AC83414B7F0000&pageNumber=2&catID=2|title=Science and Technology at Scientific American.com: Father of Spirit and Opportunity|publisher=Scientific American| accessdate=January 10, 2006}}</ref> [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] engineers took those requests and designed the rovers to meet them. The rovers, both of which have operated long past their original life expectancies, are responsible for the discoveries that were awarded 2004 Breakthrough of the Year honors by ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/306/5704/2001|title=Editorial: Breakthrough of the Year|publisher=Science|accessdate=January 10, 2006}}</ref> Control of the Mars rovers has shifted between NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory at [[California Institute of Technology|Caltech]] and Cornell's Space Sciences Building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/news/rovers_cornell_041105.html|title=Control of Mars Rovers Shifts to Cornell|publisher=Space.com |accessdate=January 10, 2006}}</ref> Further, Cornell researchers discovered the [[Rings of Uranus|rings]] around the planet [[Uranus]],<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Rings of Uranus|first=J.L.|last=Elliot|author2=E. Dunham |author3=D. Mink |journal=Nature|volume=267|pages=328–330|year=1977|doi=10.1038/267328a0|issue=5609|bibcode=1977Natur.267..328E}}</ref> and Cornell built and operated the telescope at [[Arecibo Observatory]] located in [[Arecibo, Puerto Rico]] until 2011, when they transferred the operations to [[SRI International]], the [[Universities Space Research Association]] and the [[Metropolitan University (Puerto Rico)|Metropolitan University of Puerto Rico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naic.edu/|title=Arecibo Observatory Home Page|publisher=National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center|accessdate=July 26, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508105758/http://www.naic.edu/|archivedate=May 8, 2006}}</ref>

The [[Automotive Crash Injury Research Project]] was begun in 1952.<ref name=cars>{{cite web|url=http://www.carsafety.com/history.htm| title=Calspan Company History and Timeline |publisher=Calspan Corp|accessdate=June 2, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321051040/http://www.carsafety.com/history.htm|archivedate=March 21, 2006}}</ref> It pioneered the use of [[crash test]]ing, originally using corpses rather than [[crash test dummy|dummies]]. The project discovered that improved door locks, energy-absorbing steering wheels, padded dashboards, and seat belts could prevent an extraordinary percentage of injuries.<ref name=cars/>

In the early 1980s, Cornell deployed the first [[IBM 3090]]-400VF and coupled two IBM 3090-600E systems to investigate coarse-grained parallel computing. In 1984, the [[National Science Foundation]] began work on establishing five new [[supercomputer]] centers, including the [[Cornell Theory Center|Cornell Center for Advanced Computing]], to provide high-speed computing resources for research within the United States. As an NSF center, Cornell deployed the first IBM Scalable Parallel supercomputer. In the 1990s, Cornell developed scheduling software and deployed the first supercomputer built by Dell. Most recently, Cornell deployed Red Cloud, one of the first cloud computing services designed specifically for research. Today, the center is a partner on the National Science Foundation [[Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment]] (XSEDE) supercomputing program, providing coordination for XSEDE architecture and design, systems reliability testing, and online training using the Cornell Virtual Workshop learning platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cac.cornell.edu/about/history.aspx|title=Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing History and Awards|date=April 2012|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=April 22, 2012}}</ref>

Cornell scientists have researched the fundamental particles of nature for more than 70 years. Cornell physicists, such as [[Hans Bethe]], contributed not only to the foundations of nuclear physics but also participated in the [[Manhattan Project]] (see also: [[List of Cornell Manhattan Project people]]). In the 1930s, Cornell built the second [[cyclotron]] in the United States. In the 1950s, Cornell physicists became the first to study [[synchrotron radiation]]. During the 1990s, the [[Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source|Cornell Electron Storage Ring]], located beneath Alumni Field, was the world's highest-luminosity electron-positron collider.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cerncourier.com/main/article/42/1/11|title=Cornell's laboratory is at the crossroads|publisher=CERN Courier |accessdate=May 23, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lns.cornell.edu/accelphys/cesr.shtml|title=Accelerator Physics: Cornell Electron Storage Ring|publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=July 4, 2006}}</ref> After building the synchrotron at Cornell, [[Robert R. Wilson]] took a leave of absence to become the founding director of [[Fermilab]], which involved designing and building the largest accelerator in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.fnal.gov/pub/about/whatis/history.html|title=About Fermilab|publisher= Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory |accessdate=October 28, 2009}}</ref> Cornell's accelerator and high-energy physics groups are involved in the design of the proposed [[International Linear Collider]] and plan to participate in its construction and operation. The International Linear Collider, to be completed in the late 2010s, will complement the [[Large Hadron Collider]] and shed light on questions such as the identity of [[dark matter]] and the existence of extra dimensions.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.physics.cornell.edu/research/accelerator-physics/|title=Accelerator Physics|publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=September 17, 2010}}</ref>

In the area of humanities and social sciences, Cornell is best known for being one of the world's greatest centers for the study of [[Southeast Asia]]. The [[Cornell South East Asia Program|Southeast Asia Program]] (SEAP) at Cornell is designated as a [[National Resource Center]] (NRC) by the United States Department of Education 2010–2014. Therefore, the SEAP is nationally prominent in promoting advanced foreign language training, area and international knowledge in the liberal arts and applied discipline focused on Southeast Asia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.einaudi.cornell.edu/southeastasia/ |title=Home &#124; SEAP - Southeast Asia Program |publisher=Cornell |accessdate=October 7, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828024005/http://www.einaudi.cornell.edu/southeastasia/ |archivedate=August 28, 2011 |df= }}</ref> The George McTurnan Kahin Center for Advanced Research on Southeast Asia is located in the historic "Treman House."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.einaudi.cornell.edu/southeastasia/resources/research.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 18, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173958/http://www.einaudi.cornell.edu/SoutheastAsia/resources/research.asp |archivedate=May 19, 2011 }}</ref> The house was built by Robert Henry Treman, the son of an enterprising local family and the first member of that family to attend Cornell University and be elected to its board of trustees. The [[George McTurnan Kahin]] Center is home to SEAP graduate students, visiting fellows and scholars, faculty members, and SEAP's Publication and Outreach offices.<ref>[http://www.einaudi.cornell.edu/southeastasia/research/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719175741/http://www.einaudi.cornell.edu/southeastasia/research/|date=July 19, 2011}}</ref>

As part of its research work, Cornell has established a number of research collaborations with universities around the globe. For example, a partnership with the [[University of Sussex]] (including the [[Institute of Development Studies]] at Sussex) allows research and teaching collaboration between the two institutions.<ref>[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/global/research/researchprojects/sussex-cornell The Sussex-Cornell Partnership : Research projects : ... : School of Global Studies : University of Sussex<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==Student life==

===Activities===
[[File:Barton Hall, Cornell University.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Interior windows of [[Barton Hall]], an on-campus [[field house]]]]
[[File:FuertesObservatoryCornell.jpg|thumb|The [[Fuertes Observatory]] on Cornell's North Campus is open to the public every Friday night]]
For the 2016-17 academic year, Cornell had over 1,000 registered student organizations. These clubs and organizations run the gamut from kayaking to full-armor jousting, from varsity and club sports and a cappella groups to improvisational theatre, from political clubs and publications to chess and video game clubs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sao.cornell.edu/SO/search2006.php?squery=&qsubmit=yes&submit=Click+Here+to+Start+Quick+Search|title=SAO - Cornell University|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=August 6, 2007}}</ref> The Cornell International Affairs Society sends over 100 Cornellians to collegiate Model United Nations conferences across North America and hosts the Cornell Model United Nations Conference each spring for over 500 high school students. The Cornell University Mock Trial Association regularly sends teams to the national championship and is ranked 11th in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collegemocktrial.org/|title=Cornell Mock Trial|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=American Mock Trial Association|accessdate=October 31, 2018}}</ref> Additionally, the Cornell International Affairs Society's traveling Model United Nations team is ranked number 16 in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecias.org/|title=Cornell International Affairs Society|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=July 26, 2010}}</ref> Cornell United Religious Work is a collaboration among many diverse religious traditions, helping to provide spiritual resources throughout a student's time at college. The [[Cornell Catholic Community]] is the largest Catholic student organization on campus. Student organizations also include a myriad of groups including a symphony orchestra,<ref>{{cite web|last=Dieckmann |first=Jane |url=http://www.ithaca.com/arts_and_entertainment/ensemble-x-is-back-with-three-concerts/article_20e4a1d4-39ba-11e4-8184-f3c6e8e91b0f.html |title=Ensemble X is Back with Three Concerts - Ithaca Times : Entertainment |publisher=Ithaca.com |date=September 12, 2014 |accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> concert bands,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cuwinds.com/ |title=Wind Ensembles of Cornell University's Department of Music |publisher=CU Winds |date= |accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> formal and informal choral groups,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.cornell.edu/performing/choral-ensembles/ |title=Cornell University Department of Music » Choral Ensembles |publisher=Music.cornell.edu |date= |accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> including the [[Cornell University Glee Club|Sherwoods]], the [[The Chordials|Chordials]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chordials.com/|title=Co-ed A Cappella|website=The Chordials|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> and other musical groups that play everything from classical, jazz, to ethnic styles in addition to the [[Big Red Marching Band]], which performs regularly at football games and other campus events.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://mb.bigredbands.org/history.html|title=Cornell University Big Red Marching Band - History|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 20, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830095207/http://mb.bigredbands.org/history.html<!-- Bot retrieved archive -->|archivedate =August 30, 2006}}</ref> Organized in 1868, the oldest Cornell student organization is the [[Cornell University Glee Club]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.gleeclub.com/|title=Cornell University Glee Club|publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=September 16, 2010}}</ref> Apart from musical groups, Cornell has an active outdoor community, consisting of [https://coe.cornell.edu/ Cornell Outdoor Education], [http://www.cornelloutingclub.com/ Cornell Outing Club], and [https://odyssey.coe.cornell.edu/ Outdoor Odyssey], a student-run group that runs pre-orientation trips for first-year and transfer students. A Cornell student organization, [http://www.cornellastrosociety.org/ The Cornell Astronomical Society], runs public observing nights every Friday evening at the [[Fuertes Observatory]]. The university is home to the [[Telluride House]], an intellectual residential society. The university is also home to three [[Collegiate secret societies in North America|secret honor societies]] called [[Sphinx Head]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/newscornell?a=d&srpos=1&cl=search&d=CDS18910113.2.3.4&e=--------20--1---The+Sphinx+Head;+A+Senior+Society+Recently+Formed-all|title="The Sphinx Head: A Senior Society Recently Formed" Cornell Daily Sun, January 13th, 1891, p.3 |publisher=Cdsun.library.cornell.edu|accessdate=July 22, 2012}}</ref> Der Hexenkreis and [[Quill and Dagger]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dear Uncle Ezra|url=http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1027396800#rquestion5|date=July 23, 2002|accessdate=May 14, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619125044/http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1027396800#rquestion5|archivedate=June 19, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dear Uncle Ezra|url=http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1140066000#question10|date=February 16, 2006|accessdate=May 14, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100622172925/http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1140066000#question10|archivedate=June 22, 2010}}</ref> that have maintained a presence on campus for well over 120 years.

Cornell's clubs are primarily subsidized financially by the Student Assembly and the Graduate & Professional Student Assembly, two student-run organizations with a collective budget of $3.0&nbsp;million per year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://assembly.cornell.edu/SA/ActivityFee |title=Cornell Assemblies SA Activity Fee |publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=June 16, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208023927/http://assembly.cornell.edu/SA/ActivityFee |archivedate=February 8, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://assembly.cornell.edu/GPSA/ActivityFee |title=Cornell Assemblies GPSA Activity Fee |publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=December 9, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215013937/http://assembly.cornell.edu/GPSA/ActivityFee |archivedate=February 15, 2011 }}</ref> The assemblies also finance other student life programs including a concert commission and an on-campus theater.

===Greek life, professional, and honor societies===
{{main|List of fraternities and sororities at Cornell University}}
Cornell hosts a large and controversial<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.syracuse.com/su-news/index.ssf/2018/05/cornell_university_cracks_down_fraternities_and_sororities_following_another_haz.html|title=Cornell University cracks down on fraternities and sororities following hazing incident|last=syracuse.com|website=syracuse.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cornellsun.com/2018/11/28/employee-assembly-committee-finds-chapter-review-board-process-falls-short/|title=University Committee Says Cornell Greek Life's Chapter Review Board Process 'Falls Short'|date=2018-11-29|website=The Cornell Daily Sun|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cornellsun.com/2018/05/04/online-scorecard-no-hard-alcohol-among-greek-life-reforms-introduced-by-pollack/|title=Online Scorecard, No Hard Alcohol Among Greek Life Reforms Introduced by Pollack|date=2018-05-04|website=The Cornell Daily Sun|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cornellsun.com/2018/03/12/guest-room-gone-with-greek-life-for-good/|title=GUEST ROOM {{!}} Gone With Greek Life, for Good|last=Department|first=Opinion|date=2018-03-13|website=The Cornell Daily Sun|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cornellsun.com/2017/10/06/hagopian-greek-life-should-not-exist-part-ii/|title=HAGOPIAN {{!}} Greek Life Should Not Exist: Part II|last=Hagopian|first=Ara|date=2017-10-06|website=The Cornell Daily Sun|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> [[List of fraternities and sororities at Cornell University|fraternity and sorority system]], with 70 chapters involving 33% of male and 24% of female undergraduates.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.scorpiontke.org/rush/greek|title=Go Greek!|publisher=Scorpion TKE| accessdate=June 9, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504194959/http://www.scorpiontke.org/rush/greek|archivedate=May 4, 2006}}</ref><ref name=Greek>{{cite web|url=http://www.dos.cornell.edu/FSA/PDFs/OFSA_AR05_smaller.pdf |title=Fraternity & Sorority Advisory Council Annual Report 2004–2005 |publisher=Cornell University |accessdate=May 22, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524120953/http://www.dos.cornell.edu/FSA/PDFs/OFSA_AR05_smaller.pdf |archivedate=May 24, 2006 |deadurl=yes  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://cornellfrat.com/|title=Cornell Fraternities!}}</ref> [[Alpha Phi Alpha]], the first intercollegiate [[Greek alphabet|Greek-letter]] organization established for [[African American]]s, was founded at Cornell in 1906.<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/newscornell?a=d&d=CDS19231107.2.6.5&e=--------20--1----%22Alpha+Phi+Alpha%22-all|title=Negro Fraternities Have Had Rapid Growth|work=Cornell Daily Sun|volume=44|number=37|page=6|date=November 7, 1923|accessdate=September 19, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Wesley |first=Charles H. |authorlink=Charles H. Wesley|title=The History of Alpha Phi Alpha, A Development in College Life|edition=14th|publisher=Foundation|location= Chicago, IL|year=1981|id=ASIN: B000ESQ14W}}</ref> [[Alpha Zeta (Latin American)|Alpha Zeta]] fraternity, the first Greek-lettered organization established for Latin Americans in the United States, was also founded at Cornell on January 1, 1890. Alpha Zeta served the wealthy international Latin American students that came to the United States to study. This organization led a movement of fraternities that catered to international Latin American students that was active from 1890 to 1975.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fajardo|first=Oliver|date=2015|title=A Brief History of International Latin American Student Fraternities A Movement That Lasted 86 Years (1889-1975)|url=|journal=Journal of Hispanic Higher Education|volume=14|issue=|doi=10.1177/1538192714548928|pmid=|access-date=|via=|pages=69–81}}</ref> On February 19, 1982, La Unidad Latina, Lambda Upsilon Lambda fraternity was established;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.launidadlatina.org/about-lul/history/story/#.WH9NYLYrJN0/ |title=The Story of LUL &#124; La Unidad Latina, Lambda Upsilon Lambda Fraternity, Inc |publisher=Launidadlatina.org |date=February 19, 1982 |accessdate=January 18, 2017}}</ref> it would eventually become the only Latino based fraternity in the nation with chapters at every Ivy League institution.<ref name="launidadlatina.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.launidadlatina.org/about-lul/lambda-facts/ |title=Lambda Facts &#124; La Unidad Latina, Lambda Upsilon Lambda Fraternity, Inc |publisher=Launidadlatina.org |date= |accessdate=March 13, 2018}}</ref> Latinas Promoviendo Comunidad/[[Lambda Pi Chi]] sorority was established on April 16, 1988, making the organization the first Latina-Based, and not Latina exclusive, sorority founded at an ivy-league institution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lambdapichi.org/ |title=The Official Website of Latinas Promoviendo Comunidad/Lambda Pi Chi Sorority, Inc. |publisher=Lambdapichi.org |date=April 16, 1988 |accessdate=April 3, 2017}}</ref>

Cornell's connection to national Greek life is strong and longstanding. Many chapters are among the oldest of their respective national organizations, as evidenced by the proliferation of ''Alpha-series'' chapters. The chapter house of [[Alpha Delta Phi]] constructed in 1877 is believed to be the first house built in America solely for fraternity use, and the chapter's current home was designed by [[John Russell Pope]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alphadeltaphi.org/AboutUs/Chapters/tabid/59/agentType/View/ChapterID/12/Default.aspx |title=The Cornell Chapter of the Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity |publisher=Alphadeltaphi.org |date=February 11, 1929 |accessdate=August 24, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826152136/http://www.alphadeltaphi.org/AboutUs/Chapters/tabid/59/agentType/View/ChapterID/12/Default.aspx |archivedate=August 26, 2016  }}</ref> Philanthropy opportunities are used to encourage community relations, for example, during the 2004–05 academic year, the Greek system contributed 21,668 [[community service]] and [[advocacy]] hours and raised $176,547 in charitable contributions from its philanthropic efforts.<ref name=Greek/> Generally, discipline is managed internally by the inter-Greek governing boards. As with all student, faculty or staff misconduct, more serious cases are reviewed by the Judicial Administrator, who administers Cornell's [[justice system]].<ref name="Greek"/>

===Press and radio===<!-- Any publications discussed here should pertain chiefly to Student life -- Scholarly publications belong in the Press and scholarly publications section above -->
The Cornell student body produces several works by way of print and radio. Student-run newspapers include ''[[The Cornell Daily Sun]]'', an independent daily; ''[[The Cornell Review]]'', a conservative newspaper published fortnightly; and ''[[The Cornell Progressive (newspaper)]]'', a liberal newspaper published every month.

Other press outlets include ''[[The Cornell Lunatic]]'', a campus humor magazine; the ''[[Cornell Chronicle]]'', the university's newspaper of record; and ''[[Kitsch (magazine)|Kitsch Magazine]]'', a [[feature story|feature magazine]] published in cooperation with [[Ithaca College]]. ''The Cornellian'' is an independent student organization that organizes, arranges, produces, edits, and publishes the yearbook of the same name; it is composed of artistic photos of the campus, student life, and athletics, and of the standard senior portraits. It carries the Silver Crown Award for Journalism and a Benjamin Franklin Award for Print Design – the only Ivy League Yearbook with such a distinction.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cornell.edu/search/index.cfm?tab=facts&q=&id=225 |title=Cornellian |publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=April 22, 2010}}</ref> Cornellians are represented over the radio waves on [[WVBR]], an independent commercial FM radio station owned and operated by Cornell students. Other student groups also operate internet streaming audio sites.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wvbr.com/info |title=About Us & Station History |publisher=WVBR-FM |accessdate=September 19, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517062657/http://wvbr.com/info |archivedate=May 17, 2010  }}</ref>

===Housing===
[[File:Cornell footbridge.jpg|thumb|right|One of several [[footbridge]]s that span Cornell's [[gorge]]s and ease commuting from housing to academic buildings on campus]]
University housing is broadly divided into three sections: [[Cornell North Campus|North Campus]], [[Cornell West Campus|West Campus]], and Collegetown. Cornell University began experiments with co-ed dormitories in 1971, and continued the tradition of residential advisors (RAs) within the campus system.  In 1991, new students could be found throughout West Campus, including at the historic Baker and Boldt Hall complexes; since a 1997 residential initiative, West Campus houses transfer and returning students, whereas North Campus is almost entirely populated by freshmen as well as sorority and fraternity houses. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ri.campuslife.cornell.edu/Ri_article_page_view.asp?action=article&ID=2318|title=The Residential Initiative: North Campus|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=January 1, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051111114439/http://ri.campuslife.cornell.edu/Ri_article_page_view.asp?action=article&ID=2318|archivedate=November 11, 2005}}</ref>

The options for living on North Campus for upperclassmen are the program houses and co-op houses. Program houses include [[Risley Residential College]], Just About Music, the [[Cornell North Campus#Ecology House|Ecology House]], [[Cornell North Campus#Holland International Living Center|Holland International Living Center]], the [[Cornell North Campus#Multicultural Living Learning Unit|Multicultural Living Learning Unit]], the [[Cornell North Campus#Latino Living Center|Latino Living Center]], [[Cornell North Campus#Akwe:kon|Akwe:kon]], and [[Cornell North Campus#Ujamaa|Ujamaa]]. The co-op houses on North are The Prospect of Whitby, Triphammer Cooperative, Wait Avenue Cooperative, Wari Cooperative, and Wait Terrace.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://living.cornell.edu/live/wheretolive/co-ops/index.cfm|title=Cooperative Housing|website=living.cornell.edu|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> On West Campus, there are three university-affiliated cooperatives, 660 Stewart Cooperative, Von Cramm Hall, and [https://watermargin.org/ Watermargin], and one independent cooperative, [http://www.cayugalodge.com/ Cayuga Lodge]. In an attempt to create a sense of community and an atmosphere of education outside the classroom and continue Andrew Dickson White's vision, a $250&nbsp;million reconstruction of West Campus created [[Cornell West Campus#House system|residential colleges]] there for undergraduates.<ref name=houses>{{cite web|url=http://cornellsun.com/node/22275|title=Housing Initiative to Finish Two Years Early|publisher=The Cornell Daily Sun|accessdate=April 7, 2007|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090834/http://cornellsun.com/node/22275|archivedate=September 29, 2007}}</ref> The idea of building a house system can be attributed in part to the success of Risley Residential College, the oldest continually operating residential college at Cornell.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/newscornell?a=d&srpos=13&cl=search&d=CDS19700205.2.1.4&e=--------20--1----Seznec+Report-all|title=Risley may become house for create arts study|first=Barbara|last=Kantrowitz|date=February 5, 1970|accessdate=December 12, 2010|work=Cornell Daily Sun|volume=86|number=75|page=1}}</ref> In 2018, Cornell announced its North Campus Residential Expansive project. By 2022, the university aims to add 2,000 beds on North Campus. Five new dorms and a dining hall will be created, three of which will be located in Appel Field and will be exclusive for freshman. Sophomores will have two new dorms located in the current CC Parking Lot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scl.cornell.edu/about-us/north-campus-residential-expansion|title=North Campus Residential Expansion|last=|first=|date=|website=Student and Campus Life|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-07}}</ref>

Additionally, Cornell has several housing areas for graduate and professional students. Of these, Schuyler House (which was formerly a part of Sage Infirmary)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fs.cornell.edu/fs/facinfo/fs_facilInfo.cfm?facil_cd=2702|title=Schuyler House|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 19, 2010}}</ref> has a dorm layout, while Maplewood Apartments, Hasbrouck Apartments, and Thurston Court Apartments are apartment-style, some even allowing for family living. Off campus, many single-family houses in the East Hill neighborhoods adjacent to the university have been converted to apartments. Private developers have also built several multi-story apartment complexes in the Collegetown neighborhood. Nine percent of undergraduate students reside in fraternity and sorority houses, although first semester freshmen are not permitted to join them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dos.cornell.edu/greek/info_for_students/index.cfm|title=DOS: For Students|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 17, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620071706/http://dos.cornell.edu/greek/info_for_students/index.cfm|archivedate=June 20, 2010}}</ref> [[List of fraternities and sororities at Cornell University|Cornell's Greek system]] has 67 chapters and over 54 Greek residences that house approximately 1,500 students. About 42% of Greek members live in their houses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dos.cornell.edu/cms/greek/alumni_friends/upload/alumni_volunteer_handbook07.pdf|title=Fraternity and Sorority Alumni Volunteer Handbook|date=July 1, 2007|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 17, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100622165606/http://dos.cornell.edu/cms/greek/alumni_friends/upload/alumni_volunteer_handbook07.pdf|archivedate=June 22, 2010}}</ref> [[Housing cooperative]]s or other independent living units exist, including [[Telluride House]], the Center for Jewish Living, Phillips House (located on North Campus, 1975 all women; 2016, all men), and Center for World Community (international community, off campus, formed by Annabel Taylor Hall, 1972, mixed gender).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.campuslife.cornell.edu/campuslife/housing/cooperative-house.cfm|title= Cooperative Housing|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 14, 2010}}</ref> The cooperative houses on North include The Prospect of Whitby, Triphammer Cooperative, Wait Avenue Cooperative, Wari Cooperative, and Wait Terrace.<ref name=":0" /> On West Campus, there are three university-affiliated cooperatives, 660 Stewart Cooperative, [[Von Cramm Cooperative Hall]], and [https://watermargin.org/ Watermargin], and one independent cooperative, [http://www.cayugalodge.com/ Cayuga Lodge] Besides this, there exists also cooperative housing not owned by Cornell, like [[Gamma Alpha#Cornell|Gamma Alpha]] or Stewart Little.

{{As of|2014}}, Cornell's dining system was ranked 3rd in the nation by the ''Princeton Review''.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Rankings - Best Campus Food |url=http://www.princetonreview.com/schoollist.aspx?type=r&id=683|website=Princeton Review|publisher=Princeton Review|accessdate=August 24, 2014}}</ref> The university has 29 on-campus dining locations, including 10 "All You Care to Eat" cafeterias.<ref name="CornellDiningWheretoEat">{{cite web|title=Cornell Dining - Where to Eat|url=https://living.cornell.edu/dine/wheretoeat/|website=Cornell Dining|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 8, 2018}}</ref> North Campus is home to 3 of these dining halls: Robert Purcell Marketplace Eatery (located in Robert Purcell Community Center), North Star Dining Room (located in the Appel Commons), and Risley Dining (located in Risley Hall).<ref name="CornellDiningWheretoEat"/> West Campus houses 6 dining halls, 5 of which accompany the West Campus residential houses: Cook House Dining Room, Becker House Dining Room, Rose House Dining Room, Jansen's Dining Room at Hans Bethe House, and Keeton House Dining Room.<ref name = "CornellDiningWheretoEat"/> Also located on West Campus is 104West!, a kosher/multicultural dining room.<ref name="CornellDiningWheretoEat"/> Central Campus accommodates just a single dining hall: Okenshields, located in Willard Straight Hall.<ref name="CornellDiningWheretoEat"/>
{{Cornell University housing box}}

===Athletics===
[[File:Cornell Baseball2.jpg|thumb|upright|right|A 1908 print depicting a Cornell [[baseball]] player]]
{{Main|Cornell Big Red}}
Cornell has 36 varsity intercollegiate teams that have the nickname of the Big Red. An [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division I (NCAA)|Division I]] institution, Cornell is a member of the [[Ivy League#Athletics & competition|Ivy League]] and [[ECAC Hockey]] and competes in the [[Eastern College Athletic Conference]] (ECAC), the largest athletic conference in North America.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecac.org/about.asp|title=About ECAC| publisher=ECAC|accessdate=June 15, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613055114/http://ecac.org/about.asp |archivedate=June 13, 2006}}</ref> (ECAC Hockey is no longer affiliated with the ECAC.) Cornell's varsity athletic teams consistently challenge for NCAA Division I titles in a number of sports, including [[Cornell Big Red wrestling|men's wrestling]], [[Cornell Big Red men's lacrosse|men's lacrosse]], [[Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey|men's ice hockey]], and rowing (the women's crew program is subject to the NCAA, while the men's rowing program is governed by its own administrative body, the [[Intercollegiate Rowing Association]]). Under the Ivy League athletic agreement, the university does not offer [[athletic scholarship]]s for athletic recruiting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cornellsun.com/node/5763|title=Now What? A Look at Athletics in the Offseason|work=The Cornell Daily Sun|accessdate=June 21, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090759/http://cornellsun.com/node/5763|archivedate=September 29, 2007}}</ref>

Cornell University's [[Cornell Big Red football|football]] team had at least a share of the national championship four times before 1940<ref>{{cite web|title=Past Division I-A Football National Champions|publisher=NCAA|year=2006|url= https://www.ncaa.org/champadmin/ia_football_past_champs.html|accessdate=September 5, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060826121836/http://www.ncaa.org/champadmin/ia_football_past_champs.html |archivedate=August 26, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cornell Out To Snap Crimson's Ivy Win Streak|publisher=CSTV|year=2005|url= http://cornellbigred.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/100305aaa.html|accessdate= September 5, 2006}}</ref> and has won the Ivy League championship three times, last in 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/documents/fb9091.asp|title=1990 Ivy League Football Record|publisher=Ivy League |accessdate=June 15, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614164312/http://ivyleaguesports.com/documents/fb9091.asp|archivedate=June 14, 2006}}</ref>

In 2010, the Cornell men's basketball team appeared for the first time in the NCAA tournament's East Regional Semifinals, known as the "Sweet 16." It was the first Ivy League team to make the semifinals since 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2010/03/decisive-win-over-wisconsin-sends-big-red-sweet-16|title=Decisive win over Wisconsin propels Big Red to Sweet 16 {{!}} Cornell Chronicle|website=news.cornell.edu|language=en|access-date=March 18, 2018}}</ref>

===Cornell Outdoor Education===

Cornell University runs one of the largest collegiate outdoor education programs in the country, serving over 20,000 people every year. The program runs over 130 different courses including but not limited to: Backpacking and Camping, Mountain Biking, Bike Touring, Caving, Hiking, Rock and Ice Climbing, Wilderness First Aid, and tree climbing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://coe.cornell.edu/spring-2016-classes |title=Spring 2016 Classes &#124; Cornell Outdoor Education |publisher=Coe.cornell.edu |date=January 27, 2016 |accessdate=April 2, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320084621/http://coe.cornell.edu/spring-2016-classes |archivedate=March 20, 2016  }}</ref> COE also oversees one of the largest student-run pre-freshman summer programs, known as Outdoor Odyssey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://odyssey.coe.cornell.edu/ |title=Outdoor Odyssey &#124; Outdoor Odyssey |publisher=Odyssey.coe.cornell.edu |date= |accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> Most classes are often entirely taught by paid student instructors and courses count toward Cornell's physical education graduation requirement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coe.cornell.edu/about-coe |title=About COE &#124; Cornell Outdoor Education |publisher=Coe.cornell.edu |date= |accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref>

One of the most remarkable facilities at Cornell Outdoor Education is The Lindseth Climbing Wall. The wall was renovated in 2016, and now includes 8,000 square feet of climbing surface, up from 4,800 square feet previously.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cornell.edu/video/new-lindseth-climbing-center|title=The new Lindseth Climbing Center|website=CornellCast|language=en|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> The new wall now offers a more modern environment with bouldering, top-rope, and lead climbing facilities appropriate for various skill levels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.collegeoutside.com/ranked-swankiest-jankiest-college-climbing-gyms/|title=Ranked: The Swankiest (and Jankiest) College Climbing Gyms|date=2018-02-27|website=College Outside|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref>

===Cornelliana===
[[File:Dragonday 2008.jpg|thumb|right|A tradition started in 1901, [[Dragon Day]] celebrates a feat by first-year [[Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning|architecture]] students to construct a colossal dragon to be paraded to center campus and then burned.]]
[[File:Ezra Cornell emblem with motto.jpg|thumb|right|An ivy-covered emblem of [[Ezra Cornell]] circumscribed by the university motto]]
{{Main|Cornelliana}}
Cornelliana is a term for Cornell's traditions, legends, and lore. Cornellian traditions include [[Slope Day]], a celebration held on the last day of classes of the spring semester, and [[Dragon Day]], which includes the burning of a dragon built by architecture students. Dragon Day is one of the school's oldest traditions and has been celebrated annually since 1901, typically on or near St. Patrick's Day. The dragon is built secretly by the architecture students, and taunting messages are left for the engineering students for the week before Dragon Day. On Dragon Day, the dragon is paraded across the Arts Quad and then set afire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alumni.cornell.edu/cu_facts/read_more.cfm?id=55|title=History of Dragon Day|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate = May 23, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909042704/http://www.alumni.cornell.edu/cu_facts/read_more.cfm?id=55<!-- Bot retrieved archive -->|archivedate=September 9, 2006}}</ref>

According to legend, if a virgin crosses the [[Arts Quad]] at midnight, the statues of [[Ezra Cornell]] and [[Andrew Dickson White]] will walk off their pedestals, meet in the center of the Quad, and shake hands, congratulating themselves on the chastity of students. There is also another myth that if a couple crosses the suspension bridge on North Campus, and the young woman does not accept a kiss from her partner, the bridge will fall. If the kiss is accepted, the couple is assured a long future together.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.fs.cornell.edu/tours/default.cfm?tour_id=41 |title=Fall Creek Gorge: Suspension Bridge Virtual Tour|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 18, 2010}}</ref>

The university is also host to various student pranks. For example, on at least two different occasions the university has awoken to find something odd atop the 173-foot (52.7&nbsp;m) tall McGraw clock tower—once a 60-pound (27&nbsp;kg) pumpkin and another time a disco ball. Because there is no access to the spire atop the tower, how the items were put in place remains a mystery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/campus/pumpkin_tale.html|title=Pumpkin Tale| publisher=Cornell News Service|accessdate=June 5, 2006}}</ref> The colors of the lights on McGraw tower change to orange for Halloween and green for St. Patrick's Day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1067490000|title=Ask Uncle Ezra|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 14, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621021015/http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1067490000|archivedate=June 21, 2010}}</ref> The clock tower also plays music.

The school colors are [[carnelian (color)|carnelian]] (a shade of red) and white, a play on "Cornellian" and Andrew Dickson White. A bear is commonly used as the unofficial mascot, which dates back to the introduction of the mascot "Touchdown" in 1915, a live bear who was brought onto the field during football games.<ref name=mascot>{{Cite news|url=http://cornellsun.com/node/17613 |title=Wild Cornell Mascot Wreaks Havoc |work=Cornell Daily Sun |date=April 30, 2006 |accessdate=September 21, 2010 |first=Casey |last=Holmes |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112042726/http://cornellsun.com/node/17613 |archivedate=January 12, 2012 |df= }}</ref> The university's [[alma mater]] is "[[Far Above Cayuga's Waters]]", and its [[fight song]] is "[[Give My Regards to Davy]]". People associated with the university are called "Cornellians".

===Health===
Cornell offers a variety of professional and peer counseling services to students.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.gannett.cornell.edu/services/counseling/index.cfm|title=Counseling and Support |publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 18, 2010}}</ref> Formerly called Gannett Health Services until its name change in 2016, Cornell Health offers on-campus outpatient health services with emergency services and residential treatment provided by Cayuga Medical Center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gannett.cornell.edu/services/medical/index.cfm|title=Medical Care|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 18, 2010}}</ref>  For most of its history, Cornell provided residential medical care for sick students, including at the historic Sage Infirmary.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.fs.cornell.edu/fs/facinfo/fs_facilinfo.cfm?facil_cd=2701|title=Sage House|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=September 18, 2010}}</ref> Cornell offers specialized reproductive health and family planning services.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.gannett.cornell.edu/topics/sexual/index.cfm|title=Gannett Sexual Health|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=November 26, 2010}}</ref> The university also has a student-run Emergency Medical Service (EMS) agency. The squad provides emergency response to medical emergencies on Cornell University campus and surrounding university-owned properties. Cornell EMS also provides stand-by service for university events and provides CPR, First Aid and other training seminars to the Cornell community.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://cuems.cornell.edu/squad_info/ |title=About CUEMS|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=December 29, 2013}}</ref>

The university received worldwide attention for a [[Cornell gorge suicides|series of six student suicides by jumping into a gorge]] that occurred during the 2009–10 school year, and after the incidents added temporary fences to the bridges which span area gorges.<ref name="TodayNets">{{Cite web|url=http://today.14850.com/stories/05171-cornell-fences|title=Means restriction nets in place, Cornell takes down bridge fences after three years|website=today.14850.com|access-date=March 10, 2016}}</ref> In May 2013, Cornell indicated that it planned to set up nets, which will extend out 15 feet, on five of the university's bridge.<ref name=Huffington2>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Cornell Suicides: Nets To Cover Gorges Around School's Campus|newspaper=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=August 20, 2012|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/20/cornell-suicides-nets-to-_n_1810130.html|accessdate=October 24, 2014}}</ref> Installation of the nets began in May 2013 and were completed over the summer of that year.<ref name="TodayNets" /> There were cases of gorge-jumping in the 1970s and 1990s.<ref name=HuffingtonC>{{cite news|last=Fishman|first=Rob|title=Cornell Suicides: Do Ithaca's Gorges Invite Jumpers?|newspaper=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=December 16, 2010|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rob-fishman/the-gorges-of-cornell-uni_b_498656.html|accessdate=October 16, 2014}}</ref> Before this abnormal cluster of suicides, the suicide rate at Cornell had been similar to or below the suicide rates of other American universities, including a period between 2005 and 2008 in which no suicides occurred.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/03/20/new.york.cornell.suicides/index.html |title=Two suspected suicides confirmed at Cornell; total now at six |first=Ross |last=Levitt |lastauthoramp=yes |first2=Susan|last2=Candiotti|journal=[[CNN]] |date=March 22, 2010|publisher=CNN|postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/17/education/17cornell.html |title=After 3 Suspected Suicides, Cornell Reaches Out|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 16, 2010 |first=Trip|last=Gabriel |postscript=<!--None--> }}</ref>

===Campus police===
Cornell University Police protect the campus and are classified as peace officers and have the same authority as the Ithaca city police. They are similar to the campus police at Ithaca College and Syracuse University because those campus police are classified as armed peace officers. The Cornell University Police are on campus and on call 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Their duties include: patrolling the university around the clock, responding to emergency situations and to non-emergency calls for service, crime prevention services, active investigation of crimes on campus, enforcement of state criminal and motor vehicle laws, and campus regulations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cupolice.cornell.edu/ |title=Cornell University Police |publisher=Cupolice.cornell.edu |accessdate=January 18, 2017}}</ref>{{secondary source needed|date=April 2016}}

==People==
{{see also|List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Cornell University}}
Cornell counts numerous notable individuals who have either come to the university as faculty to teach and to conduct research, or as students who have gone on to do noteworthy things. In total, [[List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation|58 Nobel laureates]] were either faculty or students at Cornell.<ref name=nobel/>

===Faculty===
[[File:Cornell1916Faculty.jpg|thumb|1916 Cornell faculty]]
{{Main|List of Cornell University faculty}}
{{As of|2009}}, Cornell had 1,639 full-and part-time faculty members affiliated with its main campus,<ref name=factbook/> 1,235 affiliated with its New York City divisions, and 34 affiliated with its campus in Qatar.<ref name=factbook/> Cornell's faculty for the 2005–06 academic year included three [[Nobel Prize|Nobel laureates]], a [[Crafoord Prize]] winner, two [[Turing Award]] winners, a [[Fields Medal]] winner, two [[Legion of Honor]] recipients, a [[World Food Prize]] winner, an [[Andrei Sakharov Prize]] winner, three [[National Medal of Science]] winners, two [[Wolf Prize]] winners, five [[MacArthur award]] winners, four [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners, a [[Carter G. Woodson]] Scholars Medallion recipient, 20 [[National Science Foundation]] career grant holders, a recipient of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] Award, a recipient of the [[American Mathematical Society]]'s [[Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement]], a recipient of the [[Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics]], and three [[Packard Foundation]] grant holders.<ref name=factbook/>

[[Kurt Lewin]] taught at Cornell from 1933 to 1935 and is considered the "father of [[social psychology]]".<ref>{{cite journal|year=1999 |title=Introduction of the 1997 Kurt Lewin Memorial Award recipient: Bertram H. Raven |journal=Journal of Social Psychology |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0341/is_1_55/ai_54831715/ |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305135329/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0341/is_1_55/ai_54831715/ |archivedate=March 5, 2012 |df= }}</ref> [[Norman Borlaug]] taught at the university from 1982 to 1988 and is considered the "father of the [[Green Revolution]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cals.cornell.edu/cals/public/comm/news/remembering-norman-borlaug.cfm|title=Borlaug's vision will never sleep|last=McCandless|first=Linda|date=September 14, 2009|publisher=Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences|accessdate=March 11, 2012}}</ref> being awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]], the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]], the [[Congressional Gold Medal]], and 49 honorary doctorates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/topics/borlaug/borlaug-cv.html|title=Vita of Norman Borlaug|publisher=Ag Bio World|accessdate=March 11, 2012}}</ref> [[Frances Perkins]] joined the Cornell faculty in 1952 after serving as the first female member of the [[United States Cabinet]] and served until her death in 1965. Perkins was a witness to the [[Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire]] in her adolescence and went on to champion the [[National Labor Relations Act]], the [[Fair Labor Standards Act]], and the [[Social Security Act]] while [[United States Secretary of Labor]]. [[Buckminster Fuller]] was a visiting professor at Cornell for one year (1952),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.domusweb.it/en/interview/fuller-and-noguchi-story-of-a-friendship/|title=Fuller and Noguchi: story of a friendship|last=Sadao|first=Shoji|publisher=Domus|accessdate=March 12, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302195735/http://www.domusweb.it/en/interview/fuller-and-noguchi-story-of-a-friendship|archivedate=March 2, 2012}}</ref> and [[Henry Louis Gates]], [[African American Studies]] scholar and [[Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy|subject of an arrest controversy and White House "Beer Summit"]], taught at Cornell from 1985 to 1989.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/01/magazine/black-studies-new-star-henry-louis-gates-jr.html|title=Black Studies' New Star|last=Begley|first=Adam|date=April 1, 1990|publisher=''The New York Times''|accessdate=March 12, 2012}}</ref> Plant genetics pioneer [[Ray Wu]] invented the first method for [[DNA sequencing|sequencing DNA]], considered a major breakthrough in genetics as it has enabled researchers to more closely understand how genes work.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Padmanabhan |first=R|author2=Ray Wu|title=Use of oligonucleotides of defined sequences as primers in DNA sequence analysis|journal=Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications |date=1972 |volume=48|issue=5|pages=1295–1302|doi=10.1016/0006-291x(72)90852-2 |pmid=4560009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Wu|first=Ray|title=Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of DNA|journal=Nature|date=April 19, 1972 |volume=236|issue=68|pages=198–200 |doi=10.1038/newbio236198a0|pmid=4553110}}</ref> [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series|Emmy Award]]-winning actor [[John Cleese]], known for his roles in ''[[Monty Python]]'', ''[[James Bond (film series)|James Bond]]'', ''[[Harry Potter (film series)|Harry Potter]]'' and ''[[Shrek (franchise)|Shrek]]'', has taught at Cornell since 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/April09/CleeseStatler.da.html|title=John Cleese on fame, education -- and hotels|last=Aloi|first=Daniel|date=April 23, 2009 |publisher=Cornell Chronicle |accessdate=March 12, 2012}}</ref> [[Charles Evans Hughes]] taught in the law school from 1893 to 1895 before becoming [[Governor of New York]], [[United States Secretary of State]], and [[Chief Justice of the United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/about/timeline/charles-hughes.cfm|title=Great man, great story|publisher=Cornell Law School|accessdate=March 12, 2012}}</ref> [[Georgios Papanikolaou]], who taught at Cornell's medical school from 1913 to 1961, invented the [[Pap test|Pap smear]] test for [[cervical cancer]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fowh.com/obgynhistory.html|title=OB-GYN History|publisher=Fair Oaks Women's Health|accessdate=March 12, 2012}}</ref> [[Robert C. Baker]] ('43), widely credited for inventing the [[chicken nugget]], taught at Cornell from 1957 to 1989. [[Carl Sagan]] was a professor at the university from 1968 to 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/dec96/saganobit.ltb.html|title=Carl Sagan, Cornell astronomer, dies today (Dec. 20) in Seattle|last=Brand|first=David|date=December 20, 1996 |publisher=Cornell|accessdate=March 12, 2012}}</ref> He narrated and co-wrote the PBS series ''[[Cosmos: A Personal Voyage|Cosmos]]'', the Emmy Award- and Peabody Award-winning show that became the most watched series in public-television history. He also wrote the novel ''[[Contact (novel)|Contact]]'', the basis for a 1997 [[Contact (1997 American film)|film of the same name]], and he won a [[Pulitzer Prize]] for his novel ''[[The Dragons of Eden|The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence]]''. [[M. H. Abrams]] was a professor emeritus of English and was the founding editor of ''[[The Norton Anthology of English Literature]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://as.cornell.edu/abrams/|title=M.H. Abrams 100th Birthday Celebration |year=2012|publisher=Cornell |accessdate=July 20, 2012}}</ref> [[James L. Hoard]], a scientist who worked on the [[Manhattan Project]]

Vladimir Nabokov taught Russian and European literature at Cornell between 1948 and 1959.<ref>Gussow, Mel. [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/15/books/toasting-analyzing-nabokov-cornell-honors-renaissance-man-who-oh-yes-wrote.html "Toasting (and Analyzing) Nabokov; Cornell Honors the Renaissance Man Who, oh Yes, Wrote 'Lolita'"], ''The New York Times'', September 15, 1998.</ref>

Cornell has twice (2008 and 2009) been named a "Great College to Work For" by [[The Chronicle of Higher Education]], due to receiving high ratings in [[compensation and benefits]], connection to institution and pride, faculty-administration relations, job satisfaction, and post-retirement benefits.<ref name="bestemployer2009">{{Cite news |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/July09/bestEmployerCHE.html|title=CU named a 'Great College to Work For' for second year|date=July 6, 2009|publisher=[[The Cornell Chronicle]] |accessdate=July 14, 2009}}</ref> Many faculty, and president, live in the upscale suburb of [[Cayuga Heights, New York|Cayuga Heights]], directly north of campus.
{{Cornell University faculty box}}

===Alumni===<!-- Please do not add more people here unless of earth-shaking importance.  Rather add them to the larger list in [[List of Cornell University alumni]]-->
{{Main|List of Cornell University alumni}}
Cornell counted 245,027 living alumni as of August 2008.<ref name="factbook" /> Its alumni constitute 31&nbsp;[[Marshall Scholarship|Marshall Scholars]] and 28&nbsp; [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]],<ref name=factbook/><ref name="Rhodes Scholars"/> and Cornell is the only university with three female winners ([[Pearl S. Buck]], [[Barbara McClintock]], and [[Toni Morrison]]) of unshared [[Nobel Prizes]] among its graduates.<ref name=nobel/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cornellsun.com/section/opinion/content/2010/10/06/letter-editor-cu-should-embrace-female-nobel-laureates|title=C.U. Should Embrace Female Nobel Laureates|date=October 6, 2010|publisher=''[[The Cornell Daily Sun]]''|accessdate=October 8, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112040311/http://cornellsun.com/section/opinion/content/2010/10/06/letter-editor-cu-should-embrace-female-nobel-laureates|archivedate=January 12, 2012}}</ref> Many alumni maintain university ties through [[Homecoming]]'s reunion weekend, through ''Cornell Magazine'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cornellalumnimagazine.com/pdfs/advertisers/09_Ad_Rates_for_Classes.pdf|title=Place a Reunion Ad in Class Notes|publisher=Cornell Alumni News|accessdate=December 12, 2010}}</ref> and through the [[Cornell Club of New York]]. In 2015, Cornell ranked #5 nationwide for gifts and bequests from alumni.<ref name="TimeDonations" />
[[File:Cornellclubnyc.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Cornell Club]] in [[New York City]] is a focal point for alumni.]]
Cornell alumni are noted for their accomplishments in public, professional, and corporate life.<ref name=factbook/><ref>{{cite book|last=Altschuler|first=Glenn C.|author2=Isaac Kramnick |author3=R. Laurence Moore |year=2003|title=The 100 Most Notable Cornellians|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=[[Ithaca, New York|Ithaca, N.Y.]]|isbn=978-0-8014-3958-2}}</ref> [[Lee Teng-hui]] was the president of [[Taiwan]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Lee Teng-hui at Cornell|publisher= Cornell University Campus News|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/campus/Lee/Lee-index.html|accessdate=July 19, 2010}}</ref> [[Tsai Ing-wen]] was elected to be the first female president of [[Taiwan]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Cornell Graduate Tsai Ing-wen Just Did the Unthinkable in Taiwan|publisher= NBC News|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/cornell-graduate-tsai-ing-wen-just-did-unthinkable-taiwan-n498746|accessdate=January 18, 2016}}</ref> [[Mario García Menocal]] was president of [[Cuba]],<ref>{{cite web|title= Mario García Menocal|publisher=Latin American Studies.org|url= http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/menocal-bio.htm|accessdate=July 19, 2010}}</ref> [[Jamshid Amuzegar]] ('50) was prime minister of [[Iran]],<ref name="Bill1989">{{cite book|last=Bill|first=James A.|title=The Eagle and the Lion: The Tragedy of American-Iranian Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FNBpbh-mDcoC&pg=PA223|accessdate=December 14, 2010|year=1989|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-04412-6|page=223}}</ref> [[Hu Shih]] (1914) was a Chinese reformer and representative to the [[United Nations]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/ead/htmldocs/RMA02578.html|title=Guide to the Hu Shih Papers at Cornell University,1910-1963 |publisher=Cornell|accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> [[Janet Reno]] ('60) was the [[List of female United States Cabinet Secretaries|first female]] [[United States Attorney General]],<ref name="DuffyLeeman2005">{{cite book|last1=Duffy|first1=Bernard K.|last2=Leeman|first2=Richard W.|title=American voices: an encyclopedia of contemporary orators|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dqEOLyqYz2EC&pg=PR391|accessdate=December 14, 2010|date=August 30, 2006|publisher =Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32790-2|page=391}}</ref> and [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]] ('54) serves on the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]].<ref name="Bredeson1995">{{cite book |last=Bredeson |first=Carmen|title=Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Supreme Court justice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZL5IKpjaH9UC|accessdate=December 14, 2010|year=1995|publisher=Enslow Publishers |isbn=978-0-89490-621-3|page=22}}</ref> Alumnus [[David Starr Jordan]] (1872) was the founding president of [[Stanford University]],<ref name="Bishop122">{{cite book |last=Bishop |first=Morris |title=A history of Cornell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUu9pDRhWjkC&pg=PA122|accessdate=December 14, 2010|year=1962|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-0036-0 |page=122}}</ref> and [[M. Carey Thomas]] (1877) founded [[Bryn Mawr College]].<ref name="Horowitz1999">{{cite book|last=Horowitz|first=Helen Lefkowitz|title=The Power and Passion of M. Carey Thomas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRH9y2sADSIC&pg=PA62|accessdate=December 14, 2010|date=April 1, 1999|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-06811-9|page=62}}</ref> Additionally, alumnus [[Matt Urban]] ('41), a [[Medal of Honor]] recipient, holds the distinction as one of the most decorated soldiers in [[World War II]].<ref name="Boven2000">{{cite book|last=Boven|title=Most decorated soldier in World War II: Matt Urban|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKMfAM0IcyYC&pg=PA5|accessdate=December 14, 2010|year=2000|publisher=Trafford Publishing|isbn=978-1-55212-528-1|page=5}}</ref>

Cornellians in business include: [[Citigroup]] CEO [[Sanford Weill]] ('55),<ref name="K42">{{cite book|author=Karlgaard, Rich|title=''Life 2.0: How People Across America Are Transforming Their Lives by Finding the ''Where'' of Their Happiness''|place=New York|publisher=[[Three Rivers Press]]|year=2005|page=42}}</ref> [[Goldman Sachs Group]] Chairman [[Stephen Friedman (PFIAB)|Stephen Friedman]] ('59),<ref>{{cite web|title=Stephen Friedman: Executive Profile and Biography|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=422858&privcapId=21651&previousCapId=398625&previousTitle=GOLDMAN%20SACHS%20GROUP%20INC}}</ref> [[Kraft Foods]] CEO [[Irene Rosenfeld]] ('75, '77, '80),<ref>{{cite web|title=Rosenfeld bio |url=http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/about/profile/irene-rosenfeld-bio.htm |publisher=[[Kraft Foods]] |accessdate=September 1, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825231151/http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/about/profile/irene-rosenfeld-bio.htm |archivedate=August 25, 2009 }}</ref> [[Autodesk]] CEO [[Carl Bass]] ('83),<ref>{{cite web|title=Carl Bass|url=http://www.crunchbase.com/person/carl-bass|work=CrunchBase|publisher=TechCrunch|accessdate=December 17, 2014}}</ref> [[Aetna]] CEO [[Mark Bertolini]] ('84),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aetna.com/about-aetna-insurance/aetna-corporate-profile/corporate-bios/bertolini.html|title=Bertolini biography|publisher=Aetna|accessdate=March 5, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321203729/http://www.aetna.com/about-aetna-insurance/aetna-corporate-profile/corporate-bios/bertolini.html|archivedate=March 21, 2012}}</ref> [[S. C. Johnson & Son|S.C. Johnson & Son]] CEO [[Herbert Fisk Johnson III|Fisk Johnson]] ('79, '80, '82, '84, '86),<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. H. Fisk Johnson Named Chief Executive Officer SC Johnson |url=http://www.scjohnson.com/family/fam_pre_pre_news.asp?art_id=151 |publisher=[[S. C. Johnson & Son]]|accessdate=September 1, 2009}}</ref> [[Cargill]] Chairman [[Warren Staley]] ('67),<ref>{{cite web|title=Warren Staley: Executive Profile & Biography |work=Businessweek|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=567427&privcapId=5479356&previousCapId=172207&previousTitle=CARDINAL%20HEALTH%20INC}}</ref> [[Chevron Corporation|Chevron]] Chairman [[Kenneth T. Derr]] ('59),<ref>{{cite web|title=Kenneth Derr: Executive Profile & Biography|publisher=Businessweek|url= http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=615679&ticker=CVX:US&previousCapId=391687&previousTitle=CITIGROUP%20INC}}</ref> [[Sprint Nextel]] CEO [[Dan Hesse]] ('77),<ref>{{cite news|title=Cream of the Crop Gone Sour: America's Troubled CEOs|publisher=Fox News|date=February 17, 2009|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,494445,00.html|accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> [[Verizon]] CEO [[Lowell McAdam]] ('76),<ref>{{cite web|title=Lowell McAdam: Executive Profile & Biography|publisher=Businessweek|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=1132479&ticker=VZ:US}}</ref> [[MasterCard]] CEO [[Robert Selander]] ('72),<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Selander: Executive Profile & Biography|publisher=Businessweek |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=184499&ticker=MA:US}}</ref> [[Coors Brewing Company]] CEO [[Adolph Coors]] ('37),<ref name="Bishop509">{{cite book|last=Bishop|first=Morris|title=A history of Cornell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUu9pDRhWjkC&pg=PA509|accessdate=December 14, 2010|year=1962|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-0036-0|page=509}}</ref> [[Loews Corporation]] Chairman [[Andrew Tisch]] ('71),<ref>{{cite web|title=Andrew Tisch: Executive Profile & Biography |publisher=Businessweek|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=228893&ticker=L:CN}}</ref> [[Burger King]] founder [[James McLamore]] ('47),<ref>{{cite news|title=Olayan '77 Honored With Entrepreneur of the Year Award|last=Johnson|first=Ginny|publisher=Businessweek.com|work=The Cornell Daily Sun|date=April 19, 2010|url=http://bx.businessweek.com/burger-king-corp-bkc/view?url=http%3A%2F%2Fcornellsun.com%2Fsection%2Fnews%2Fcontent%2F2010%2F04%2F19%2Folayan-77-honored-entrepreneur-year-award|accessdate=August 25, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120702214543/http://bx.businessweek.com/burger-king-corp-bkc/view?url=http://cornellsun.com/section/news/content/2010/04/19/olayan-77-honored-entrepreneur-year-award|archivedate=July 2, 2012}}</ref> [[Hotels.com]] founder [[David Litman]] ('79),<ref>{{cite web|title=David S. Litman|publisher=Cornell University |url=http://classof79.alumni.cornell.edu/Classmates/25th/Litman.html|accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> [[PeopleSoft]] founder [[David Duffield]] ('62),<ref>{{cite web|title=With dance and tributes, Duffield is dedicated|last=Brand|first=David|work=Cornell Chronicle|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/Chronicle/04/10.14.04/Duffield_ded_cover.html|accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> [[Priceline.com]] founder [[Jay S. Walker|Jay Walker]] ('77),<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jay Walker named 2009 Cornell Entrepreneur of the Year|last=Hovis|first=Kathy|publisher=Businessweek|work=Cornell Chronicle|date=January 26, 2009|url=http://cdn.businessweek.com/johnson-school-at-cornell/view?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.cornell.edu%2Fstories%2FJan09%2FCEYWalker.html|accessdate=August 25, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708105257/http://cdn.businessweek.com/johnson-school-at-cornell/view?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.cornell.edu%2Fstories%2FJan09%2FCEYWalker.html|archivedate=July 8, 2011}}</ref> [[Staples, Inc.|Staples]] founder [[Myra Hart]] ('62),<ref>{{cite web|title=Myra Maloney Hart|publisher=Cornell University|url=http://www.cornell.edu/presidentsearch/members/hart.cfm|accessdate=August 25, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528132303/http://www.cornell.edu/presidentsearch/members/hart.cfm|archivedate=May 28, 2010}}</ref> [[Qualcomm]] founder [[Irwin M. Jacobs]] ('56),<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Irwin Mark Jacobs|publisher=Qualcomm|url= http://www.qualcomm.com/people/irwin-jacobs}}</ref> [[Tata Group]] CEO [[Ratan Tata]] ('62),<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ratan Tata|publisher=TribuneIndia.com|work=The Tribune Trust|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100818/main6.htm|accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref>[[Nintendo of America]] President and COO [[Reggie Fils-Aimé]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://communication.cals.cornell.edu/people/reginald-fils-aim%C3%A9/|title=Reginald Fils-Aime|last=|first=|date=June 26, 2018|website=Cornell College of Agriculture and Communications Department of Communications|access-date=June 26, 2018}}</ref> and [[Johnson & Johnson]] worldwide chairman [[Sandi Peterson]].<ref name=Pharma12>{{cite news |title=Sandra E. Peterson to Join Johnson & Johnson as Group Worldwide Chairman and Member of the Executive Committee |url= |work=Pharma Business Week |date=September 24, 2012 |accessdate=}}</ref>

In medicine, alumnus [[Robert Atkins (nutritionist)|Robert Atkins]] ('55) developed the [[Atkins Diet]],<ref>{{cite book|author1=Atkins, Robert C.  |author2=Veronica Atkins|title=''Dr. Atkins' Quick & Easy New Diet Cookbook''|place=New York|publisher=Fireside|year=2004|page=217}}</ref> [[Henry Heimlich]] ('47) developed the [[Heimlich maneuver]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Vaccariello, Linda|title=''The Heimlich Maneuvers''|place=Cincinnati|volume=39|issue=3|date=December 2005|page=154}}</ref> [[Wilson Greatbatch]] ('50) invented the [[artificial pacemaker|pacemaker]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Jeffrey, Kirk|title=''Machines in Our Hearts: The Cardiac Pacemaker, the Implantable Defibrillator, and American Health Care''|place=Baltimore, MD|publisher=Johns Hopkins UP|year=2001|page=96}}</ref> [[James Maas]] ('66; also a faculty member) coined the term "[[power nap]]",<ref>{{cite web|title=About Faculty|publisher= Weill-Cornell Medical College|date=July 15, 2009|url=http://qatar-weill.cornell.edu/aboutUs/fa/bios/maasJames.html|accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> and [[C. Everett Koop]] ('41) served as [[Surgeon General of the United States]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Kronenfeld, Jennie J.  |author2=Michael R. Kronenfeld |title=''Healthcare Reform in America: A Reference Handbook.''|place=Santa Barbara, CA|publisher=ABC-CLIO, Inc.|year=2004|page=98}}</ref>

A number of Cornellians have been prominent innovators. [[Thomas Midgley, Jr.]] ('11) invented [[Freon]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Wei, James|title=''Product Engineering: Molecular Structure and Properties''|place=New York|publisher=Oxford UP|year=2007|page=6}}</ref> [[Jon Rubinstein]] ('78) is credited with the development of the [[iPod]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Behind the Music|last=Aaron|first=Ken|publisher=Cornell University|work=Cornell Engineering Magazine|url=http://www.engineering.cornell.edu/news/engineering-magazine/archives/cem-fall-2005/Behind-the-Music.cfm|accessdate=August 25, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708193709/http://www.engineering.cornell.edu/news/engineering-magazine/archives/cem-fall-2005/Behind-the-Music.cfm|archivedate=July 8, 2010}}</ref> and [[Robert Tappan Morris]] developed the [[Morris (computer worm)|first computer worm]] on the [[Internet]]. Eight Cornellians have served as [[NASA]] [[astronaut]]s, [[Steve Squyres]] ('81) is the principal investigator on the [[Mars Exploration Rover]] Mission.<ref>{{cite web|title=Steven W. Squyres|publisher=Cornell University Department of Astronomy|url= http://www.astro.cornell.edu/people/facstaff-detail.php?pers_id=112|accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> In aerospace, also, [[Otto Glasser]] ('40) directed the [[USAF]] program that developed the [[SM-65 Atlas]], the World's first operational [[Intercontinental ballistic missile]]. [[Bill Nye]] ('77) is well known as "[[Bill Nye the Science Guy|The Science Guy]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Bill Nye's 'Cool' Interplanetary Sundial Heads For Mars|publisher=Science Daily |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/12/031231083412.htm |date=December 3, 2003|accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> [[Róisín Owens]], an Irish biochemist and world-leader in bioelectronics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ceb.cam.ac.uk/directory/roisin-owens|title=Dr. Róisín M. Owens — Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology|last=vsb1001@cam.ac.uk|website=www.ceb.cam.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=February 13, 2018}}</ref>

In literature, [[Toni Morrison]] ('50; [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel laureate]]) is well known for her novel ''[[Beloved (novel)|Beloved]]'', [[Pearl S. Buck]] ('25; Nobel laureate) authored ''[[The Good Earth]]'',<ref>{{cite book|author=Champion, Laurie|title=''American Women Writers, 1900-1945: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook''|place=Westport, CT |publisher=Greenwood |year=2000 |page=55}}</ref> [[Thomas Pynchon]] ('59) penned such canonical works of postwar American fiction as ''[[Gravity's Rainbow]]'' and ''[[The Crying of Lot 49]]'', [[Junot Díaz]] ('95) wrote [[The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao]] for which he won the [[Pulitzer Prize]] for fiction,<ref>{{cite web|title=The 2008 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Fiction|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/winners/junot-diaz|website=Pulitzer Prize|accessdate=April 9, 2017}}</ref> and [[E. B. White]] ('21) authored ''[[Charlotte's Web]]'' and ''[[Stuart Little]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Elledge, Scott|title=''E.B. White: A Biography''|place=New York|publisher=[[W.W. Norton]]|year=1985|page=64}}</ref> Media personalities who have graduated from Cornell include [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] [[Ann Coulter]] ('84)<ref name="K41">Karlgaard, Rich. ''Life 2.0: How People Across America Are Transforming Their Lives by Finding the ''Where'' of Their Happiness.'' New York: Three Rivers Press, 2005. 41.</ref> and [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberals]] [[Bill Maher]] ('78) and [[Keith Olbermann]] ('79),<ref>{{cite book|author=Laufenberg, Norbert|title=''Entertainment Celebrities.''|place=Victoria, Canada |publisher=Trafford |year=2005|page=489}}</ref> [[David Van Leer]] (Ph.D. '78) was an American educator and LGBT cultural studies researcher.

Several Cornellians have also achieved critical acclaim in entertainment. [[Dan Duryea]] ('28) became a well-known Hollywood Actor in the 1940s-1960s,<ref>[http://sarahbethonline.com/danduryea/prehollywood.html Dan Duryea's Childhood and School Years] at Dan Duryea Central</ref> [[Christopher Reeve]] ('74) played ''[[Superman (1978 film)|Superman]]'',<ref name="K42"/> [[Frank Morgan]] was [[Wizard (Oz)|The Wizard of Oz]], [[Jimmy Smits]] ('82) was in ''[[Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones|Star Wars: Attack of the Clones]]'',<ref name="K42"/> [[Ronald D. Moore]] created the 2004 remake of ''[[Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]'', and [[Kovid Gupta]] became a bestselling author and Bollywood media mogul. On the architectural front, alumnus [[Richmond Shreve]] (1902) designed the [[Empire State Building]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Aaseng, Nathan|title=''Construction: Building the Impossible.''|place=Minneapolis, MN|publisher=[[Oliver Press]]|year=2000|page=116}}</ref> and [[Raymond M. Kennedy]] ('15) designed [[Hollywood]]'s famous [[Grauman's Chinese Theatre]].<ref name="Bishop399">{{cite book|last=Bishop|first=Morris|title=A history of Cornell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUu9pDRhWjkC&pg=PA399|accessdate=December 14, 2010|year=1962|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-0036-0|page=399}}</ref>

In athletics, Cornell graduates include football legend [[Glenn Scobey Warner|Glenn "Pop" Warner]] (1894),<ref>{{cite book|author=Hart, James D. |title=''A Companion to California.''|place=Los Angeles, CA|publisher=U of California P|year=1987|page=548}}</ref> head coach of the [[United States men's national soccer team]] [[Bruce Arena]] ('73),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/men/arena.htm|title=Profile: Bruce Arena|publisher=[[SoccerTimes]]|accessdate=September 17, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814222919/http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/men/arena.htm|archive-date=August 14, 2010|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[National Hockey League]] commissioner [[Gary Bettman]] ('74),<ref>{{cite book|author= Gallagher, Bradley N.|title=''Tips From the Top: Advice for a Young Person from 125 of America's Most Successful People|place=Victoria, Canada|publisher=Trafford |year=2003|page=224}}</ref> six-time [[Stanley Cup]] winning [[hockey]] [[goalkeeper|goalie]] [[Ken Dryden]] ('69),<ref>Fischler, Stan. "The NHL's 'Stone-Wall' Goalie." ''[[Boys' Life]]'' 62.3 (March 1972): 46.</ref> tennis singles world # 2 [[Dick Savitt]],<ref>[http://cornellbigred.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=6287 Cornell University - Dick Savitt - 2007 General<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> seven-time US Tennis championships winner [[William Larned]] and [[Toronto Raptors]] president [[Bryan Colangelo]] ('87),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/March06/Sports.GM.alums.lm.html |title=Raptors and Rangers choose Cornellians to lead them|first=Linda|last=Myers|date=March 8, 2006|work=Cornell Chronicle|accessdate=September 17, 2010}}</ref> and [[Kyle Dake]], four-time NCAA division I wrestling national champion.
{{Cornell University alumni box}}

==See also==
*[[Cornell realism]]
*[[List of architects represented on the Cornell University campus]]
{{Portal|New York|University}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group="note"|30em}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Cornell University}}
*{{Wikisource-inline|Portal:Cornell University|Cornell University}}
*{{Official website|http://www.cornell.edu}}
*[http://www.cornellbigred.com/ Cornell Athletics website]

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