Editing Moon Hoax (section)

===NASA defenders===
Nonetheless, with the advent of the Internet, unofficial websites appeared worldwide that aim to refute the sceptics' objections. Thus NASA's intention turned out to be carried out by others' hands, in an unofficial manner. So NASA evaded the initial promise and thus escaped responsibility, leaving the world public in a deep bewilderment.<ref name="aFon"/>

In 2009, NASA spokesman John Yembrick wrote that "amateurs are stepping in and arguing on behalf of astronauts and scientists who are too professional to defend themselves."<ref name="struck"/>

Here are some of the most notable NASA defenders—webmasters, authors of books, articles, TV shows, etc.:

*Sri Lankabhimanya Sir '''Arthur Charles Clarke''', Commander of the British Empire, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, British science fiction author, inventor, and futurist.<ref name="Randi">[http://randi.org/jr/07-20-01.html Commentary], J. Randi, 20/7/01</ref>
*Sir '''Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore''', Commander of the British Empire, Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, English amateur astronomer and writer.<ref>[http://sirpatrickmoore.com/biography Biography], Sir P. Moore</ref><ref name="Moore">[http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-8975320001826403666 Twelve men on the Moon], BBC, 1/4/02</ref>
*Prof. Dr '''Harald Lesch''', German astrophysicist.<ref>[http://www.usm.uni-muenchen.de/people/lesch/lesch.html Prof. Dr Harald Lesch], Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 27/7/09</ref><ref>[http://gangleri.de/cgi-bin/project.pl?was=moon;teil=lesch Die Landung auf dem Mond], J. Keller (Ger.)</ref>
*Prof. Dr '''Michael Brant Shermer''', American psychologist, economist, writer, founder of The Sceptics Society, and editor of its Sceptic magazine.<ref>[http://michaelshermer.com/about-michael About Michael], M. Shermer</ref><ref name="Shermer">[http://homepages.wmich.edu/~korista/moonhoax2.html Fox goes to the Moon, but NASA never did the No-Moonies cult strikes], M. Shermer, 27/9/01</ref>
*Prof. Dr '''Steven I. Dutch''', American geologist.<ref>[http://uwgb.edu/dutchs/PSEUDOSC/ConspiracyTheoryDidWeGototheMoon.htm Conspiracy theory: Did we go to the Moon?], S. Dutch, 14/12/09</ref>
*Dr '''Gerardus D. Bouw''', American astronomer, geocentrist, and "Geocentricity" site owner.<ref>[http://geocentricity.com Association for Biblical astronomy], G. Bouw, 23/2/10</ref><ref name="Jones">[http://realityreviewed.com/Photography.htm Moon hoax—Photographic claims], N. Jones, 7/8/09</ref>
*Dr '''Igor Rurikovich Suslov''', Russian physicist and doctor of physical-mathematical sciences.<ref>[http://vif2ne.ru/vstrecha/forum/arhprint/9501 Meeting: Article], 24/2/08 (Rus.)</ref>
*Dr '''James Randi''' (Randall James Hamilton Zwinge), American illusionist, founder of the James Randi Educational Foundation, and same-named site owner.<ref name="Randi"/>
*Dr '''Michael Linden-Vørnle''', Danish astrophysicist.<ref>[http://videnskab.dk/content/dk/temaer/tema_konspirationsteorier/prygl_til_konspirationsteorier_om_manelanding Flogging the conspiracy theories about lunar landing], T. Hoffman, 20/7/09 (Dan.)</ref>
*Dr '''Mikhail Alexandrovich Nazarov''', Russian doctor of geological-mineralogical sciences, director of the Laboratory of Meteoritics at the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry.<ref>[http://www.geokhi.ru/~meteorit/moonusa.html Some notes on the publications of Mr. Mukhin in the "Duel" newspaper, issue 48 (345)]. M. Nazarov, 21/1/04 (Rus.)</ref>
*Dr '''Pasquariello Domenico''', director of the Italian Research Centre on Anomalous Phenomena (CEIFAN).<ref>[http://ceifan.org/moon_hoax.htm Siamo realmente andati sulla Luna?], CEIFAN, 14/12/09 (It.)</ref>
*Dr '''Philip Cary Plait''', American astronomer, author of the book "Bad astronomy", and same-named site owner.<ref name="struck"/><ref name="Plait">P. Plait, [http://web.archive.org/web/badastronomy.co%6d/book/ Bad astronomy], John Wiley & Sons, 2002, ISBN 9780471409762</ref>
*Dr '''Steve D. Barrett''', British physicist, Senior Lecturer, and Principal Scientist.<ref>[http://liv.ac.uk/~sdb/Talks Talks and presentations], S. Barrett, 8/3/10</ref>
*Dr '''Vladislav-Veniamin Friedrichovich Pustynski''', native-Russian-speaking Estonian astrophysicist, member of the International Astronomical Union,<ref>[http://iau.org/administration/membership/individual/13376 Vladislav-Veniamin Pustõnski], IAU, 26/8/09</ref> Spanish teacher, and "Man on the Moon"<ref>[http://menonthemoon.narod.ru Man on the Moon], V. Pustynski, 4/2/10 (Rus.)</ref> and "Apollo facts"<ref>[http://apollofacts.wikidot.com/ Apollo programme facts], 31/3/10 (Rus.)</ref> site co-owner who defends NASA in Russian forums (alias "7-40" or "7:40").<ref>[http://www.aai.ee/~vladislav/cv_engl.html Vladislav-Veniamin Pustynski's CV], 27/11/08</ref>
*'''Abduldaem Al-Kaheel''', Syrian mechanical engineer, researcher in the Scientific Miracles of the Qur'an and Sunnah, author of forty books, and "Kaheel7" site owner.<ref>[http://kaheel7.com/eng/index.php/component/content/article/41-general/60 Biography], A. Al-Kaheel</ref><ref>[http://kaheel7.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=888 Did we go to the Moon?], A. Al-Kaheel (Ar.)</ref>
*'''Alberto Farid Char Bonilla''', Chilean psychologist, amateur astronomer, and "Austrinus" site owner.<ref>[http://austrinus.com?option=com_content&id=347&Itemid=195 ¿El hombre llegó a la Luna?], A. Bonilla, 25/11/08 (Sp.)</ref>
*'''Alexander Yevgenyevich Markov''', Russian engineer who collected a special library about the Apollo programme and Wernher von Braun and published a series of articles about them.<ref>[http://apervushin.narod.ru/biblio/guest/markov/markov.htm Alexander Yevgenyevich Markov], 3/8/09 (Rus.)</ref>
*'''Alexey Martov''' and '''Vadim Roshchin''', Russian NASA defenders.<ref>[http://situation.ru/app/rs/lib/luno/luno.htm Lunocrates and Lunoliers], A. Martov, V. Roshchin (Rus.)</ref>
*'''Ali Murat Güven''', Turkish journalist and columnist of the "Yeni safak" ("New dawn") conservative daily.<ref>[http://yenisafak.com.tr/yazarlar?i=750&y=AliMuratGuven The most popular conspiracy theory: was the Moon landing real?], A. Güven, 18/8/06 (Turk.)</ref>
*'''Brent Silby''', New Zealand learning advisor, teacher, philosopher, game designer, DJ, and "Def-Logic" site owner.<ref>[http://def-logic.com/articles/lunarlanding.html Of course we went to the Moon], B. Silby, 24/5/08</ref>
*'''Chan Kihung''', Hong Kong Space Museum assistant curator.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/FAQ/moon/c_faq_moon_8.htm Moon FAQ], Chan Kihung, 11/6/01 (Chin.)</ref>
*'''David A. Hardy''', Fellow of the British Interplanetary Society and former President of the International Association of Astronomical Artists.<ref>[http://hardyart.demon.co.uk/pages-extra/moonhoax.html The Great Moon-landing hoax?], D. Hardy, 1/9/09</ref>
*'''David Dickinson''', American aircraft armament systems specialist, amateur astronomer, and "Astro guyz" site owner.<ref>[http://astroguyz.com/tag/moon-hoax Archives for Moon hoax], D. Dickinson, 2/7/09</ref>
*'''David John Owen''', New Zealand psychiatric nurse, multi-instrumentalist, TV director, web designer, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://dave.co.nz/space/moon-hoax Did NASA land on the Moon?], D. Owen, 24/2/09</ref>
*'''David Lyons''', British "Astro Central" site owner.<ref>[http://astrocentral.co.uk/moonhoax.html The Apollo hoax], D. Lyons, 20/12/04</ref>
*'''Diego Cuoghi''', Italian architect, industrial designer, artist, art historian, writer, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://diegocuoghi.com/Moon_hoax.htm Moon hoax? No, thanks!], D. Cuoghi, 4/1/10 (It.)</ref>
*'''Dirk H. Lorenzen''', German astrophysicist, writer, and member of the executive board of the German Association of Science Journalists.<ref>[http://spacetelescope.org/projects/credibility/credibility_interviews.html Credibility of science communication], ESA, 30/10/09</ref><ref>[http://wdr.de/tv/quarks/sendungsbeitraege/2009/0602/003_mond.jsp War der erste Mensch auf dem Mond ein Schauspieler?], K. Adick, 2/6/09 (Ger.)</ref>
*'''Gavin S. Sinclair''', Scottish "Red Zero" site owner.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/redzero.co.uk/moonhoax MoonHoax], G. Sinclair, 21/8/03</ref>
*'''Gleb Valentinovich Pyanykh''' (host) and '''Ella Boyko''' (author), the staff of the Russian NTV's "Maximum" programme.<ref>[http://maximum.ntv.ru The Maximum programme], NTV (Rus.)</ref><ref>[http://supernovum.ru/forum/read.php?2,183757 Popov's answer on the "Maximum" programme], Supernovum, 29/9/09 (Rus.)</ref>
*'''Guillermo O. Descalzo''', Argentinian manager, rocket modeller, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://gdescalzo.com.ar/la__llegada_a_la_luna.htm 1969, la llegada del Hombre a la luna ¿verdad o farsa?], G. Descalzo, 29/8/09 (Sp.)</ref>
*'''HJP Arnold''', Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, the British Interplanetary Society, and the Remote Sensing and Photogrammetric Society.<ref name="Moore"/><ref>[http://www.sol-invictus.org.uk/autobiography.htm Autobiography], H. Arnold, 11/7/03</ref>
*'''Ian Williams Goddard''', American freelance artist, writer, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://iangoddard.com/moon01.htm Are Apollo Moon photos fake?], I. Goddard, 29/9/09</ref>
*'''James Franklin Hyneman, Adam Whitney Savage, Grant Masaru Imahara''' (special effect experts), '''Salvatore Paul Belleci''' (filmmaker), and '''Kari Elizabeth Byron''' (artist), American staff of the Australian TV programme "Mythbusters"<ref>[http://collectspace.com/news/news-082608a.html Mythbustin' the Moon], R. Pearlman, 26/8/08</ref> (also aired on the Russian TV3 channel).<ref>[http://tv3russia.ru/programs/programs_6/about MythBusters], TV3 (Rus.)</ref>
*'''James V. Scotti''', American astronomer and Senior Research Specialist.<ref>[http://pirlwww.lpl.arizona.edu/~jscotti/NOT_faked The Moon landings were NOT faked], J. Scotti, 27/6/07</ref>
*'''Jay Windley''' (alias Jay Utah), American engineer and "Clavius" site owner.<ref name="struck"/><ref>[http://www.clavius.org Moon base Clavius], J. Windley, 10/10/08</ref>
*'''Keith Mayes''', British amateur astronomer, author of the book "Science, the Universe, and God" (2004), and "Keyboard" site owner.<ref>[http://www.thekeyboard.org.uk/Did%20we%20land%20on%20the%20Moon.htm Did we land on the Moon?], K. Mayes, 12/12/04</ref>
*'''Marcus Haas''', German physicist and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://marcus-haas.de/in-eigener-sache.html In eigener Sache], M. Haas (Ger.)</ref><ref>[http://pseudowissenschaft.marcus-haas.de/verschwoerungen/mondlandung.html Hat die Mondlandung stattgefunden?], M. Haas (Ger.)</ref>
*'''Masashi Yokoyama, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Junya Terazono''', and '''Tatsuya Honjo''', Japanese NASA defenders of the Association for Sceptical Investigation of Supernatural (ASIOS).<ref>[http://asios.org/apollo.html Apollo conspiracy FAQ], ASIOS, 20/12/09 (Jap.)</ref>
*'''Matteo Negri''', secretary of the Italian amateur astronomers group "Columbia" and owner of the "Siamo andati sulla Luna" ("We went to the Moon") site.<ref>[http://siamoandatisullaluna.com Siamo andati sulla Luna], M. Negri (It.)</ref>
*'''Matthias Lipinski''', German "Apollo Projekt" site owner.<ref>[http://apollo-projekt.de Mondlandung oder ein gigantischer Schwindel?], M. Lipinski, 2/10/09 (Ger.)</ref>
*'''Milivoje Jugin''', Serbian aeronautics engineer.<ref name="Zivkovic">[http://ivonazivkovic.net/mesec-apolo.pdf The truth about the astronaut's flight to the Moon], I. Živković, 31/3/08 (Serb.)</ref>
*'''Neil Atkinson''', English geologist and "Apollo Hoax" site owner.<ref name="Lloyd">[http://www.darkstar1.co.uk/moonandTruman.html The Apollo Moon hoax at the Cheltenham festival of science], A. Lloyd, 7/1/09</ref>
*'''Paolo Attivissimo''', Swiss writer, journalist, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://www.attivissimo.net/antibufala/luna/luna_in_sintesi.htm Siamo mai andati sulla luna?], P. Attivissimo, 9/8/09 (It.)</ref>
*'''Patrick Jacques''', President of a Belgian astronomy club.<ref>[http://free-press-release.com/news/200512/1135176175.html KsanLab Educational Screensavers], S. Denisyuk, 21/12/05</ref><ref>[http://digilife.be/aeg/nieuwsbrief/Guidestar%2007-2009.pdf Guidestar], P. Jacques, 4/7/09, pp. 4–7 (Dutch)</ref>
*'''Pavel Gabzdyl''', Czech astronomer.<ref>[http://mesic.hvezdarna.cz/2007/02/byli-lid-na-msci.html Were people on the Moon?], P. Gabzdyl, 12/2/07 (Czech)</ref>
*'''Philip R. Karn, Jr''', American electrical engineer, radio amateur, programmer, and "KA9Q" site owner.<ref name="Karn">[http://ka9q.net/crackpots Debunking crackpot science], P. Karn, 26/9/09</ref>
*'''Piero Bianucci''', Italian journalist and writer.<ref>[http://divulgazione.uai.it/progetti/Siloabbiamofatto.htm Siamo andati sulla Luna?], P. Bianucci, 1/6/09 (It.)</ref>
*'''Robert A. Braeunig''', American engineer, amateur astronomer, and same-named site owner.<ref name="Braeunig">[http://braeunig.us/space/hoax.htm Did we land on the Moon?], R. Braeunig, 30/9/08</ref>
*'''Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão''', Brazilian astronomer.<ref>[http://ronaldomourao.com Ronaldo Mourão / Astronomia & astronáutica] (Pg.)</ref><ref>[http://g1.globo.com/Sites/Especiais/Noticias/0,,MUL1230054-17082,0.html Astrônomo desmente mitos de que homem não teria ido à Lua], M. Juste, 15/7/09 (Pg.)</ref>
*'''Svetoslav Dimitrov Alexandrov''', Bulgarian "Cosmos" site owner.<ref>[http://cosmos.1.bg/portal?option=com_content&view=category&id=14&Itemid=27 Myths and fallacies], S. Alexandrov (Bulg.)</ref>
*'''Thanassis Vembos''', Greek researcher, journalist, writer, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://vembos.gr/biography.html Biography], T. Vembos, 22/4/09 (Gr.)</ref><ref>[http://vembos.gr/moon%20hoax.htm We never went to the Moon?], T. Vembos, 22/4/09 (Gr.)</ref>
*'''Thomas Bohn''', Canadian "Moonshot" site owner.<ref>[http://www3.telus.net/summa/moonshot Apollo anomalies... and how I made them], T. Bohn, 25/10/05</ref>
*'''Tom Callen''', Swedish astronomer and programme producer at Cosmonova, the Swedish Museum of Natural History.<ref>[http://nrm.se/sv/svwujuly2008.6247.html Apollo and the Moon], T. Callen, 7/10/09 (Sw.)</ref>
*'''Tracy Ballinger, Angeline Lim, Katie Sprouse, Ronen Kalay''', and '''Ben Goecke''', American attendants in the Space Science Outreach and Research (SSOAR) academy.<ref>[http://ssoar.org/university/course/projects/fall02.htm Projects—autumn 2002], SSOAR, 18/1/05 (see "Moon landing hoax theory")</ref>
*'''Uwe Rexin''', German "Mondlandung" site owner.<ref>[http://mondlandung.pcdl.de Mondlandung oder Mondlandungslüge], U. Rexin, 4/2/06 (Ger.)</ref>
*'''Visanu Euarchukiati''', Thai Astronomical Society deputy secretary.<ref>[http://thaiastro.nectec.or.th/news/2002/special/moonhoax.html Special report], V. Euarchukiati, 24/7/09 (Thai)</ref><ref>[http://61-91-205-171.static.asianet.co.th/astro/thaiastro.nectec.or.th/eng/tasstff.html Academic Committee of TAS], Thai Astronomical Society, 1/6/09</ref>
*'''Vladimir Nikolaevich Pavlyuk''', Russian aviation equipment engineer who defends NASA in web forums (alias Stary—old man).<ref>[http://sai.msu.su/top100/cgi/vote.cgi?look=1&id_vote=47 AstroRunet stars 2005: Astrorunet man of the year], Sternberg Astronomical Institute (Rus.)</ref>
*'''Yuri Donatovich Krasilnikov'''<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/YuriKrasilnikov.html Yuri Krasilnikov], NASA, 18/5/09</ref><ref>[http://manonmoon.ru/addon/paradox/p2.html Yuri Krasilnikov], Paradox, 4/04 (Rus.)</ref> (physicist and programmer)<ref>[http://www.pereplet.ru/gorm/fomenko/authors.htm Information about the authors], Russian book cover (Rus.)</ref> and '''Vyacheslav Yatskin''' (programmer),<ref>[http://hot.ee/unexplained/me.htm About me], V. Yatskin, 7/8/01 (Rus.)</ref> Russian NASA defenders, authors of the 327 KB long Moon Hoax article at "Skeptik.net".<ref name="Yatskin">[http://skeptik.net/conspir/moonhoax.htm Were Americans on the Moon?], V. Yatskin, Y. Krasilnikov (Rus.)</ref>

NASA defenders who mock Moon sceptics instead of refuting them:

*'''Christopher W. Powers''', American software engineer who wrote a Usenet article in 1995 on filmmaker Stanley Kubrick directing the Moon hoax<ref>[http://galactic-guide.com/articles/8S12.html Moon Hoax, The (SemiReal)], C. Powers, 4/10/95</ref> and admitted that it was a joke twelve years later.<ref>[http://bautforum.com/1093207-post33.html Stanley Kubrick and the lunar landings], C. Powers, 21/10/07</ref>
*'''William Karel''', French filmmaker who directed the mockumentary "Opération Lune" (2002; English version: "Dark side of the Moon") further developing the above joke about Kubrick.<ref>[http://imdb.com/title/tt0344160 Opération Lune], Arte France, 2002</ref>

'''Wikipedia''' editors do their best to defend NASA, categorising the Moon hoax view as "conspiracy theory", "pseudo-science", "pseudo-history", "denialism", etc.<ref>[http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_Hoax_Theory Moon hoax theory], Wikipedia, 21/8/09</ref>