Editing Moon Hoax

[[Image:AS11-40-5903 cropped.jpg|thumb|249px|NASA image AS11-40-5903,<ref name="famous">[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/images11.html#5903 AS11-40-5903], NASA, 21/11/09</ref> cropped from the bottom and the sides but not from the top]]
'''Moon hoax''' (also known as '''Moon landing hoax''' or '''Apollo hoax''') refers to the doubt or dissent that men landed on the [[Moon]] in 1969–1972 during the [[Apollo program]]me. Those who think so (called here Moon sceptics) suspect or claim that [[NASA]] lied to the world, filming everything on Earth and making up evidence such as rock samples. Some Moon sceptics dispute the authenticity of the Skylab space station too.<ref name="Rene">R. René, [http://4dos.hit.bg/rene.pdf NASA mooned America], 1994</ref><sup>(p. 162)</sup><ref name="skylab">A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/25.htm 'Skylab'—a brilliant epilogue of the 'Apollo'], 15/4/10 (Rus.)</ref>
Welcome to Level B.

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Questioning man's way to the Moon is almost an absolute taboo in scientific circles.<ref name="Folha">[http://folha.com.br/ci595652 Céticos ainda tentam derrubar "farsa" da jornada à Lua], M. Lang, 16/7/09 (Pg.)</ref> But in the Internet, the debate<ref name="wired">[http://wired.com/wired/archive/2.09/moon.land_pr.html The wrong stuff], R. van Bakel, 9/94</ref> between NASA defenders and Moon sceptics goes on, and public support for the latter grows.<ref name="Walter">[http://www.lrt.mw.tum.de/en/interessierte/fs_waren_wir_mond.phtml Did we go to the Moon?], U. Walter, 25/9/09</ref> An official admission of a hoax would likely have the most grave consequences for NASA, the USA, and all people and organisations involved in space exploration worldwide. This would also challenge the future manned Moon and Mars missions.<ref>[http://neonomad.kz/styleneonomad/mobile?ELEMENT_ID=5898 What awaits the denounced?], D. Verhoturov, 13/8/09 (Rus.)</ref>

==Rationale==
On 12 April 1961, the USSR sent the first man into space—Yuri Gagarin.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/12/newsid_2477000/2477715.stm 1961: Soviets win space race], BBC, 12/4/61</ref> Six weeks later, US President John Kennedy promised a manned Moon landing by 1969 to win the battle of systems and impress the world with technical superiority:<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/59595main_jfk.speech.pdf Special Message to the Congress on urgent national needs], President J. Kennedy, 25/5/61</ref>

{{Cquote|''Finally, if we are to win the battle that is now going on around the world between freedom and tyranny, the dramatic achievements in space which occurred in recent weeks should have made clear to us all, as did the Sputnik in 1957, the impact of this adventure on the minds of men everywhere, who are attempting to make a determination of which road they should take.''}}

Moon sceptics say that NASA had to fake Apollo Moon landings due to severe technical problems, insoluble for these eight years, which deadline however had to be met by all means. The USA could not afford to lose the Moon race.<ref name="race">[http://russianspaceweb.com/chronology_moon_race.html Chronology of the Moon race], A. Zak, 16/2/09</ref> Bill Kaysing (see below) suggested that "during the 1960s, they (NASA) said 'if you can't make it, fake it'".<ref name="Raj">[http://bigmantra.com/man_on_moon Did man went on Moon?], Anup Raj Shrestha, 25/3/08</ref> And in 2004, President George Bush gave not eight but sixteen years for a manned return to the Moon,<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/space/01/14/bush.space Bush unveils vision for Moon and beyond], CNN, 15/1/04</ref> albeit the technologies for it should have already been developed forty years ago.<ref name="veche">[http://veche.ru/press/show/138 Interview with Alexander Ivanovich Popov], A. Gromov, 10/3/09 (Rus.)</ref> In 2010, President Barack Obama cancelled this plan, adding fuel to the fire of the Moon sceptics.<ref>[http://watchingamerica.com/News/45600 Obama has turned his back on the Moon], A. Borisov, 2/2/10</ref>

==History==
Doubts about the authenticity of Apollo Moon landings appeared first in December 1968 when Apollo 8 was launched.<ref>A. Chaikin, "A man on the Moon", Penguin Books, 1998, ISBN 9780140272017</ref> The almost perfectly executed odyssey of Apollo 11 seemed unreal to some who believed it to be a hoax, contrived for mere publicity.<ref>[http://manonmoon.ru/addon/look/img_3235.html Apollo 11: On the Moon], Look, 8/69, p. 65</ref>

The first book on the subject ("Did man land on the Moon?") was issued in 1970 by the Texas mathematician James J. Cranny.<ref name="Cranny">J. Cranny, [http://aus.bookmaps.org/d/i/did_9.html Did man land on the Moon?], Johnson City, Texas, 1970</ref><ref name="Gordon">[http://rutube.ru/tracks/87223.html The Americans haven't been on the Moon], A. Gordon, 22/6/07 (Rus.)</ref><sup>(2:52–3:03)</sup> The suggestive scenes<ref>[http://thehollywoodprojects.com/uploaded_images/Moon-Landing-790625.png A fake Moon scene from "Diamonds are forever"], The Hollywood Projects</ref> in the films "Diamonds are forever" by Guy Hamilton (1971)<ref>[http://imdb.com/title/tt0066995 Diamonds are forever], Eon Productions, 1971</ref> and especially "Capricorn One" by Peter Hyams (1978, about a hoaxed flight to Mars in a spacecraft that looks the same as the Apollo craft)<ref>[http://imdb.com/title/tt0077294 Capricorn One], Associated General Films, 1978</ref> gave a powerful boost to the popularity of the hoax theory, coinciding with the increased distrust in official US reports after the Watergate scandal.<ref name="wired"/><ref>[http://guardian.co.uk/minifakes/story/0,,1544879,0.html A great step or a great con?], A. Pickard, The Guardian</ref><ref>[http://globalsecurity.org/org/news/2001/010808-moon2.htm Apollo Moon landing hoax??], J. Pike, 8/1/01</ref><ref name="Gorsky">[http://groundzeromedia.org/dis/gorsky/gorsky.html Good luck, Mr. Gorsky!], C. Lewis, 18/8/09</ref> And today, a sequel to "Capricorn One" is in the "deep development stage", said Navid McIlhargey, Senior Vice President of New Regency Productions in Los Angeles.<ref name="ft">[http://floridatoday.com/article/20090707/BREAKINGNEWS/90706039 Moon-landing debunkers won't fade away], R. Neale, 7/7/09</ref>

In 2006, the Apollo era slow-scan TV and telemetry data tape reels were declared missing.<ref>[http://www.parkes.atnf.csiro.au/apollo11/The_Apollo11_SSTV_Tapes_Search.pdf The search for the Apollo 11 SSTV tapes], J. Sarkissian, 21/5/06, p. 15</ref> The question of what happened to the tapes "stuck in the craw" of the Moon doubters.<ref>[http://popsci.com/military-aviation-amp-space/article/2008-09/brief-history-apollo-hoax?page=1 A brief history of the Apollo hoax], J. Daley, 30/9/08</ref> And in 2009, NASA revealed that the tapes were erased.<ref>[http://collectspace.com/news/news-071709a.html "Lost tapes" lost for good, NASA releases restored footage of first moonwalk], R. Pearlman, 17/7/09</ref><ref>[http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/07/16/1997997.aspx Moonwalk video gets a makeover], A. Boyle, 16/7/09</ref>

==Public opinion==
There are entire subcultures in the USA and substantial cultures around the world that are convinced that Apollo Moon landings were faked. This view is taught in Cuban schools and wherever else Cuban teachers are sent (Nicaragua, Angola, etc.).<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/abcnews.com/ABC2000/abc2000science/oberg2000.html Getting Apollo 11 right], ABC, 7/99</ref><ref name="Oberg">[http://jamesoberg.com/042003lessonsfake_his.html Lessons of the 'fake Moon flight' myth], J. Oberg, Sceptical Inquirer, 3–4/03, pp. 23, 30</ref><ref name="Colby">[http://apollotruth.bravehost.com Apollo Truth], S. Colby, 2/3/09</ref> It is also shared by the Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez,<ref name="Chavez">[http://slate.com/id/2262520 Hugo Boss], Slate, 2/8/10</ref><ref name="ChavezFr">[http://slate.fr/story/25871/Chavez-sante-mentale-al-qaida-lune-bolivar Questions sur la santé mentale de Chavez], Slate, 6/8/10 (Fr.)</ref> the Taliban,<ref>[http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/tobyyoung/100024686 Obama's cancellation of Moon landings is a case of "No we can't", not "Yes we can"], T. Young, 2/2/10</ref> and the International Society for Krishna Consciousness.<ref name="acb">[http://salagram.net/MoonLandingHoax.htm Did man really walk on the Moon???], J. Marshall, 23/5/04</ref><ref name="sdg">[http://krishna.org/man-on Man on the Moon—a colossal hoax that cost billions of dollars], Satsvarūpa dāsa Goswāmī, 20/1/10</ref><ref name="Beals">[http://web.archive.org/web/futuresunltd.com/sudarshan/MoonShadows/MoonShadows.htm MoonShadows], J. Beals, 13/10/05</ref>

===Poll results===
On 14 June 1970, Knight Newspapers polled 1721 people in six US cities and found that more than 30% were "suspicious of NASA's trips to the Moon" with the number rising to 54% in some Afro-American areas.<ref name="wired"/><ref name="Kaysing">B. Kaysing, R. Reid, [http://books.google.com?id=N1Gcfdj81T4C We never went to the Moon], Health Research Books, 1976, ISBN 9780787304874</ref><sup>[http://books.google.com?id=N1Gcfdj81T4C&pg=PA5 (pp. 3, 5)]</sup><ref name="age">[http://history.nasa.gov/Remembering_Space_Age_B.pdf Remembrance and cultural representation of the Space Age], NASA, p. 378</ref> And on 4 November 2002, the Italian daily "Corriere della sera" reported that 68% of the non-white US population do not believe NASA.<ref name="moongate">[http://nexusedizioni.it?option=com_content&task=view&id=81 Moongate: A bomb ready to explode?], S. Colzani, 16/2/05 (It.)</ref> The following table lists a score of public opinion survey results. The "sceptics" column shows the percentage of people who doubt or deny that men walked on the Moon.

{|width="100%"
|-
|
{|class="TablePager"
|+<big>'''Closed access polls'''</big>
|-
!Organisation
!Year
!Country
!Age
!Sceptics
|-
|Knight Newspapers, Inc.
|1970
|USA
|N.A.
|30%<ref name="wired"/>
|-
|Gallup, Inc.
|1976
|USA
|N.A.
|28%<ref name="sdg"/>
|-
|The Washington Post
|1994
|USA
|N.A.
|30%<ref name="moongate"/>
|-
|Public Opinion Fund
|2000
|Russia
|N.A.
|28%<ref>[http://bd.fom.ru/report/cat/sci_sci/kosmos/of001605 Were the Americans on the Moon?], A. Petrova, 19/4/00 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|Fox TV
|2001
|USA
|N.A.
|20%<ref name="desert">[http://deseretnews.com/article/946348/ Book to confirm Moon landings], S. Borenstein, 2/11/02</ref>
|-
|Dittmar Associates, Inc.
|2006
|USA
|18–25
|27%<ref>[http://boeing.com/defense-space/space/constellation/references/reports/Engaging_the_18-25_Generation.pdf Engaging the 18–25 generation: Educational outreach, interactive technologies, and space], M. Dittmar, 25/9/06, p. 6</ref>
|-
|Unspecified
|2008
|USA
|N.A.
|28%<ref>[http://somethingawful.com/d/news/election-facts-data.php?page=2 Overlooked election facts & statistics], Z. Parsons, 8/2/08</ref>
|-
|20th Century Fox
|2008
|UK
|Adults
|35±5%<ref>[http://news.sky.com/skynews/Article/200807415061467 Area 51 is top conspiracy theory], Sky News, 31/7/08</ref><ref>[http://guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/jul/31/1 US base leads poll's top conspiracy theories], The Guardian, 31/7/08</ref><ref>[http://thaindian.com/newsportal/world/50pct_10078317.html 50pct Britons believe in captive space aliens], ANI, 31/7/08</ref>
|-
|Unspecified
|2009
|USA
|N.A.
|22%<ref name="mirror">[http://mirror.co.uk/a/115875-21123653/ The Dark Side of the Moon: 40 years after Moon landing the doubts persist], D. Ellam, 14/2/09</ref><ref name="express">[http://dailyexpress.co.uk/posts/view/114552 Moonfakers], P. Sheridan, 17/7/09</ref>
|-
|Engineering & Technology magazine
|2009
|UK
|16–64
|25%<ref>[http://kn.theiet.org/news/jul09/moon-landing-survey.cfm Britons question Apollo 11 Moon landings, survey reveals], E&T, 8/7/09</ref>
|}
|
{|class="TablePager"
|+<big>'''Open access polls'''</big>
|-
!Source
!Year(s)
!Language
!Attendance
!Sceptics
|-
|Spiegel TV
|2001+
|German
|≈5000
|47%<ref>[http://www1.spiegel.de/active/vote/fcgi/vote.fcgi?voteid=1060 Ein kosmischer Streit / Hat die erste Mondlandung überhaup stattgefunden?], Der Spiegel (Ger.)</ref> †
|-
|Sparklit Networks
|2002+
|English
|≈7000
|41%<ref>[http://vote.sparklit.com/poll.spark/626608 Did we land on the Moon?], Sparklit.com</ref>
|-
|BBC
|2003–2004
|English
|≈20000
|41%<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/earth/moonvote.shtml?displayresults=1&configfile=space_moonvote.xml Did we really land on the Moon?], BBC, 28/4/05</ref>
|-
|Alex Dantart<ref>[http://dantart.es Alex Dantart], 17/5/08 (Sp.)</ref>
|2007+
|Spanish
|≈3000
|53%<ref>[http://86400.es/2007/01/16/el El hombre llegó a la Luna... ¿o no?], A. Dantart, 16/1/07 (Sp.)</ref>
|-
|PourOuContre.com
|2007+
|French
|≈1700
|62%<ref>[http://www.pouroucontre.com/cgi-file/vote.cgi?num=56922 Pensez-vous que l'homme a marché sur la lune?], PourOuContre.com (Fr.)</ref>
|-
|20 Minuten daily
|2009+
|French
|(to be added)
|45%<ref>[http://20min.ch/community/poll/?pollid=10132 L'Homme a-t-il marché sur la Lune?], 20Minuten.ch (Fr.)</ref>
|-
|Aftonbladet daily
|2009+
|Swedish
|≈75000
|40%<ref>[http://aftonbladet.se/vss/special/storfragan/visa/0,,41250,0.html Do you think the first Moon landing was a scam?], Aftonbladet, 15/7/09 (Sw.)</ref>
|-
|CNews.ru on-line daily
|2009
|Russian
|≈5500
|49%<ref>[http://rnd.cnews.ru/inc/poll/archive.php?p=7 Archive of polls], CNews.ru (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|Twiigs, LLC
|2009
|English
|≈1400
|42%<ref>[http://twiigs.com/poll/Technology/35897 Do you think the government could fake a Moon landing?], Twiigs.com, 20/7—19/8/09</ref>
|-
|PlanetMars.org
|2009+
|English
|≈2000
|37%<ref>[http://planetmars.org/modules.php?name=Surveys&pollID=3 Did we land on the Moon in 1969?], E. Wieder, PlanetMars.org</ref>
|}
|}

† German astronaut Prof. Dr Ulrich Walter noted that the percentage of sceptics increased from 36% in 2002 to 44% just two years later.<ref name="Walter"/>

===NASA's response===
NASA issued an information sheet to address some of the concerns already in June 1977.<ref name="fgm">[ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/media/2001/lunar_landing.pdf Did US astronauts really land on the Moon?], NASA, 6/77 (reissued 14/2/01)</ref> But in August 1997, their Director of Media Services (1998–2000)<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2000/00-187.txt Brian Welch, NASA Director of Media Services, dies], NASA, 27/11/00</ref> Brian Welch (1958–2000) said in an interview with Sky TV News:<ref name="dark">M. Bennett, D. Percy, [http://aulis.com/nasa3.htm Dark Moon], Adventures Unlimited Press, 2001, ISBN 9780932813909</ref><sup>[http://books.google.com?id=PRa5P6dtkq0C&pg=RA1-PA68 (p. 68)]</sup><ref name="what">[http://aulis.com/nasa.htm What happened on the Moon (2000)], Aulis Publishers, 28/11/07</ref><sup>(48:13–48:46)</sup>

{{Cquote|''This is thirty year old stuff... I don't understand why we should spend the time to go after, do the research, to look up, to prove to people that we went to the Moon; in fact of matters we did go to the Moon.''}}

When Fox TV aired Bruce Nash's<ref name="Nash">[http://nashentertainment.com/about/brucenash.html Bruce Nash, CEO/President], Nash Entertainment, 4/1/10</ref> film "Conspiracy theory: Did we land on the Moon?" in 2001,<ref name="fox">[http://imdb.com/title/tt0277642 Conspiracy theory: Did we land on the Moon?], Nash Entertainment, 2001</ref> NASA released<ref name="struck">[http://www.newsweek.com/id/207149 Moonstruck], K. Soller, 17/7/09</ref> hoax theory rebuttal materials on their web and FTP sites.<ref name="fgm"/><ref name="gmh">[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast23Feb_2.htm The great Moon hoax], T. Philips, 23/2/01</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/200801/liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/news/2001/news-moonlanding.asp The Moon landing hoax], G. Knier & B. Bray, 30/3/01</ref><ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/alsj-stars.html Photographing stars], NASA, 26/5/09</ref> They also wrote suggestions for science teachers<ref>[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010103856_2001164519.pdf Did we really land on the Moon? Suggestions for science teachers], P. Lowman, 4/3/01</ref> on how to refute the hoax claims using the Lunar Sample Disk Kits.<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/visitor/loan Exhibits for loan from the Goddard Visitor Centre. Lunar and meteorite samples for loans], NASA, 10/3/09</ref>

In 2002, NASA hired their veteran, former rocket scientist, MSNBC News space consultant and analyst, journalist (and as it turned out later, China's Moon programme sceptic)<ref>[http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/12/04/495870.aspx Moon photo mystery solved], A. Boyle, 4/12/07</ref> '''James Edward Oberg''' (b. 1944).<ref>[http://jamesoberg.com/profile.html Profile], J. Oberg, 26/8/09</ref> For a fee of $15,000, his job was to write a book intended to challenge those who claim that Apollo Moon landings were a hoax.<ref name="desert"/> But NASA soon cancelled the project, declining to give the reasons for this. It is understood that the decision resulted from the bad publicity that followed the announcement of the project. NASA spokesman Bob Jacobs said criticism that NASA was displaying poor judgement and a lack of confidence in commissioning the book caused the agency to abort it. Others commented that making the Oberg's book an official NASA publication would actually give a certain credibility to the hoax theory.<ref name="theAge">[http://theage.com.au/articles/2002/12/24/1040511043172.html One giant leap of imagination], AP, 24/12/02</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2424927.stm NASA pulls Moon hoax book], BBC, 8/11/02</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2441469.stm One giant hoax for mankind], BBC, 11/11/02</ref><ref>[http://guardian.co.uk/science/2002/nov/09/spaceexploration.comment One giant leap for conspiricists], M. Lawson, 9/11/02</ref> For example, then NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe said:<ref name="theAge"/><ref name="ap">[http://space.com/news/oberg_hoaxes_021221.html Hoaxers vs rocket scientists: Even NASA unsure how to counter claims of faked Moon missions], M. Dunn, 21/12/02</ref>

{{Cquote|''The issue of trying to do a targeted response to this is just lending credibility to something that is, on its face, asinine.''}}

After NASA's decision to cancel the book, Oberg said that ignoring the problem just makes this harder and that he still intends to write it as an unofficial publication (working title: "A pall over Apollo"), depending on successfully arranging new funding sources. But as of 2009, no such book is known to have been published by him yet,<ref name="Oberg"/><ref name="ap"/><ref>[http://amazon.com/James-E.-Oberg/e/B001HP0MLO James Oberg, Bibliography], Amazon</ref> albeit the influential Israeli daily Haaretz ("The Land") wrote that he did get the $15,000 from NASA.<ref>[http://haaretz.co.il/hasite/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=1100699 40 years after landing on the Moon, many are convinced it was staged at film studios], L. Friedman, 17/7/09 (Heb.)</ref> Moon sceptic Yuri Mukhin (see below) claims that Oberg had passed the text of the unreleased book for use by the voluntary NASA helpers.<ref name="Mukhin">Y. Mukhin, [http://ozon.ru/context/detail/id/4607307 A Moon affair], Algorithm Publishing, 2009, ISBN 9785926506201 (Rus.)</ref><sup>(p. 251)</sup> Oberg had indeed announced that he will issue the book in an informal manner.<ref>[http://hayadan.org.il/wp/moon-co%D7%9Emspiracy NASA against the conspiracy theory: it landed on the Moon], A. Blizovsky, 9/11/02 (Heb.)</ref>

===NASA defenders===
Nonetheless, with the advent of the Internet, unofficial websites appeared worldwide that aim to refute the sceptics' objections. Thus NASA's intention turned out to be carried out by others' hands, in an unofficial manner. So NASA evaded the initial promise and thus escaped responsibility, leaving the world public in a deep bewilderment.<ref name="aFon"/>

In 2009, NASA spokesman John Yembrick wrote that "amateurs are stepping in and arguing on behalf of astronauts and scientists who are too professional to defend themselves."<ref name="struck"/>

Here are some of the most notable NASA defenders—webmasters, authors of books, articles, TV shows, etc.:

*Sri Lankabhimanya Sir '''Arthur Charles Clarke''', Commander of the British Empire, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, British science fiction author, inventor, and futurist.<ref name="Randi">[http://randi.org/jr/07-20-01.html Commentary], J. Randi, 20/7/01</ref>
*Sir '''Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore''', Commander of the British Empire, Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, English amateur astronomer and writer.<ref>[http://sirpatrickmoore.com/biography Biography], Sir P. Moore</ref><ref name="Moore">[http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-8975320001826403666 Twelve men on the Moon], BBC, 1/4/02</ref>
*Prof. Dr '''Harald Lesch''', German astrophysicist.<ref>[http://www.usm.uni-muenchen.de/people/lesch/lesch.html Prof. Dr Harald Lesch], Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 27/7/09</ref><ref>[http://gangleri.de/cgi-bin/project.pl?was=moon;teil=lesch Die Landung auf dem Mond], J. Keller (Ger.)</ref>
*Prof. Dr '''Michael Brant Shermer''', American psychologist, economist, writer, founder of The Sceptics Society, and editor of its Sceptic magazine.<ref>[http://michaelshermer.com/about-michael About Michael], M. Shermer</ref><ref name="Shermer">[http://homepages.wmich.edu/~korista/moonhoax2.html Fox goes to the Moon, but NASA never did the No-Moonies cult strikes], M. Shermer, 27/9/01</ref>
*Prof. Dr '''Steven I. Dutch''', American geologist.<ref>[http://uwgb.edu/dutchs/PSEUDOSC/ConspiracyTheoryDidWeGototheMoon.htm Conspiracy theory: Did we go to the Moon?], S. Dutch, 14/12/09</ref>
*Dr '''Gerardus D. Bouw''', American astronomer, geocentrist, and "Geocentricity" site owner.<ref>[http://geocentricity.com Association for Biblical astronomy], G. Bouw, 23/2/10</ref><ref name="Jones">[http://realityreviewed.com/Photography.htm Moon hoax—Photographic claims], N. Jones, 7/8/09</ref>
*Dr '''Igor Rurikovich Suslov''', Russian physicist and doctor of physical-mathematical sciences.<ref>[http://vif2ne.ru/vstrecha/forum/arhprint/9501 Meeting: Article], 24/2/08 (Rus.)</ref>
*Dr '''James Randi''' (Randall James Hamilton Zwinge), American illusionist, founder of the James Randi Educational Foundation, and same-named site owner.<ref name="Randi"/>
*Dr '''Michael Linden-Vørnle''', Danish astrophysicist.<ref>[http://videnskab.dk/content/dk/temaer/tema_konspirationsteorier/prygl_til_konspirationsteorier_om_manelanding Flogging the conspiracy theories about lunar landing], T. Hoffman, 20/7/09 (Dan.)</ref>
*Dr '''Mikhail Alexandrovich Nazarov''', Russian doctor of geological-mineralogical sciences, director of the Laboratory of Meteoritics at the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry.<ref>[http://www.geokhi.ru/~meteorit/moonusa.html Some notes on the publications of Mr. Mukhin in the "Duel" newspaper, issue 48 (345)]. M. Nazarov, 21/1/04 (Rus.)</ref>
*Dr '''Pasquariello Domenico''', director of the Italian Research Centre on Anomalous Phenomena (CEIFAN).<ref>[http://ceifan.org/moon_hoax.htm Siamo realmente andati sulla Luna?], CEIFAN, 14/12/09 (It.)</ref>
*Dr '''Philip Cary Plait''', American astronomer, author of the book "Bad astronomy", and same-named site owner.<ref name="struck"/><ref name="Plait">P. Plait, [http://web.archive.org/web/badastronomy.co%6d/book/ Bad astronomy], John Wiley & Sons, 2002, ISBN 9780471409762</ref>
*Dr '''Steve D. Barrett''', British physicist, Senior Lecturer, and Principal Scientist.<ref>[http://liv.ac.uk/~sdb/Talks Talks and presentations], S. Barrett, 8/3/10</ref>
*Dr '''Vladislav-Veniamin Friedrichovich Pustynski''', native-Russian-speaking Estonian astrophysicist, member of the International Astronomical Union,<ref>[http://iau.org/administration/membership/individual/13376 Vladislav-Veniamin Pustõnski], IAU, 26/8/09</ref> Spanish teacher, and "Man on the Moon"<ref>[http://menonthemoon.narod.ru Man on the Moon], V. Pustynski, 4/2/10 (Rus.)</ref> and "Apollo facts"<ref>[http://apollofacts.wikidot.com/ Apollo programme facts], 31/3/10 (Rus.)</ref> site co-owner who defends NASA in Russian forums (alias "7-40" or "7:40").<ref>[http://www.aai.ee/~vladislav/cv_engl.html Vladislav-Veniamin Pustynski's CV], 27/11/08</ref>
*'''Abduldaem Al-Kaheel''', Syrian mechanical engineer, researcher in the Scientific Miracles of the Qur'an and Sunnah, author of forty books, and "Kaheel7" site owner.<ref>[http://kaheel7.com/eng/index.php/component/content/article/41-general/60 Biography], A. Al-Kaheel</ref><ref>[http://kaheel7.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=888 Did we go to the Moon?], A. Al-Kaheel (Ar.)</ref>
*'''Alberto Farid Char Bonilla''', Chilean psychologist, amateur astronomer, and "Austrinus" site owner.<ref>[http://austrinus.com?option=com_content&id=347&Itemid=195 ¿El hombre llegó a la Luna?], A. Bonilla, 25/11/08 (Sp.)</ref>
*'''Alexander Yevgenyevich Markov''', Russian engineer who collected a special library about the Apollo programme and Wernher von Braun and published a series of articles about them.<ref>[http://apervushin.narod.ru/biblio/guest/markov/markov.htm Alexander Yevgenyevich Markov], 3/8/09 (Rus.)</ref>
*'''Alexey Martov''' and '''Vadim Roshchin''', Russian NASA defenders.<ref>[http://situation.ru/app/rs/lib/luno/luno.htm Lunocrates and Lunoliers], A. Martov, V. Roshchin (Rus.)</ref>
*'''Ali Murat Güven''', Turkish journalist and columnist of the "Yeni safak" ("New dawn") conservative daily.<ref>[http://yenisafak.com.tr/yazarlar?i=750&y=AliMuratGuven The most popular conspiracy theory: was the Moon landing real?], A. Güven, 18/8/06 (Turk.)</ref>
*'''Brent Silby''', New Zealand learning advisor, teacher, philosopher, game designer, DJ, and "Def-Logic" site owner.<ref>[http://def-logic.com/articles/lunarlanding.html Of course we went to the Moon], B. Silby, 24/5/08</ref>
*'''Chan Kihung''', Hong Kong Space Museum assistant curator.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/FAQ/moon/c_faq_moon_8.htm Moon FAQ], Chan Kihung, 11/6/01 (Chin.)</ref>
*'''David A. Hardy''', Fellow of the British Interplanetary Society and former President of the International Association of Astronomical Artists.<ref>[http://hardyart.demon.co.uk/pages-extra/moonhoax.html The Great Moon-landing hoax?], D. Hardy, 1/9/09</ref>
*'''David Dickinson''', American aircraft armament systems specialist, amateur astronomer, and "Astro guyz" site owner.<ref>[http://astroguyz.com/tag/moon-hoax Archives for Moon hoax], D. Dickinson, 2/7/09</ref>
*'''David John Owen''', New Zealand psychiatric nurse, multi-instrumentalist, TV director, web designer, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://dave.co.nz/space/moon-hoax Did NASA land on the Moon?], D. Owen, 24/2/09</ref>
*'''David Lyons''', British "Astro Central" site owner.<ref>[http://astrocentral.co.uk/moonhoax.html The Apollo hoax], D. Lyons, 20/12/04</ref>
*'''Diego Cuoghi''', Italian architect, industrial designer, artist, art historian, writer, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://diegocuoghi.com/Moon_hoax.htm Moon hoax? No, thanks!], D. Cuoghi, 4/1/10 (It.)</ref>
*'''Dirk H. Lorenzen''', German astrophysicist, writer, and member of the executive board of the German Association of Science Journalists.<ref>[http://spacetelescope.org/projects/credibility/credibility_interviews.html Credibility of science communication], ESA, 30/10/09</ref><ref>[http://wdr.de/tv/quarks/sendungsbeitraege/2009/0602/003_mond.jsp War der erste Mensch auf dem Mond ein Schauspieler?], K. Adick, 2/6/09 (Ger.)</ref>
*'''Gavin S. Sinclair''', Scottish "Red Zero" site owner.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/redzero.co.uk/moonhoax MoonHoax], G. Sinclair, 21/8/03</ref>
*'''Gleb Valentinovich Pyanykh''' (host) and '''Ella Boyko''' (author), the staff of the Russian NTV's "Maximum" programme.<ref>[http://maximum.ntv.ru The Maximum programme], NTV (Rus.)</ref><ref>[http://supernovum.ru/forum/read.php?2,183757 Popov's answer on the "Maximum" programme], Supernovum, 29/9/09 (Rus.)</ref>
*'''Guillermo O. Descalzo''', Argentinian manager, rocket modeller, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://gdescalzo.com.ar/la__llegada_a_la_luna.htm 1969, la llegada del Hombre a la luna ¿verdad o farsa?], G. Descalzo, 29/8/09 (Sp.)</ref>
*'''HJP Arnold''', Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, the British Interplanetary Society, and the Remote Sensing and Photogrammetric Society.<ref name="Moore"/><ref>[http://www.sol-invictus.org.uk/autobiography.htm Autobiography], H. Arnold, 11/7/03</ref>
*'''Ian Williams Goddard''', American freelance artist, writer, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://iangoddard.com/moon01.htm Are Apollo Moon photos fake?], I. Goddard, 29/9/09</ref>
*'''James Franklin Hyneman, Adam Whitney Savage, Grant Masaru Imahara''' (special effect experts), '''Salvatore Paul Belleci''' (filmmaker), and '''Kari Elizabeth Byron''' (artist), American staff of the Australian TV programme "Mythbusters"<ref>[http://collectspace.com/news/news-082608a.html Mythbustin' the Moon], R. Pearlman, 26/8/08</ref> (also aired on the Russian TV3 channel).<ref>[http://tv3russia.ru/programs/programs_6/about MythBusters], TV3 (Rus.)</ref>
*'''James V. Scotti''', American astronomer and Senior Research Specialist.<ref>[http://pirlwww.lpl.arizona.edu/~jscotti/NOT_faked The Moon landings were NOT faked], J. Scotti, 27/6/07</ref>
*'''Jay Windley''' (alias Jay Utah), American engineer and "Clavius" site owner.<ref name="struck"/><ref>[http://www.clavius.org Moon base Clavius], J. Windley, 10/10/08</ref>
*'''Keith Mayes''', British amateur astronomer, author of the book "Science, the Universe, and God" (2004), and "Keyboard" site owner.<ref>[http://www.thekeyboard.org.uk/Did%20we%20land%20on%20the%20Moon.htm Did we land on the Moon?], K. Mayes, 12/12/04</ref>
*'''Marcus Haas''', German physicist and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://marcus-haas.de/in-eigener-sache.html In eigener Sache], M. Haas (Ger.)</ref><ref>[http://pseudowissenschaft.marcus-haas.de/verschwoerungen/mondlandung.html Hat die Mondlandung stattgefunden?], M. Haas (Ger.)</ref>
*'''Masashi Yokoyama, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Junya Terazono''', and '''Tatsuya Honjo''', Japanese NASA defenders of the Association for Sceptical Investigation of Supernatural (ASIOS).<ref>[http://asios.org/apollo.html Apollo conspiracy FAQ], ASIOS, 20/12/09 (Jap.)</ref>
*'''Matteo Negri''', secretary of the Italian amateur astronomers group "Columbia" and owner of the "Siamo andati sulla Luna" ("We went to the Moon") site.<ref>[http://siamoandatisullaluna.com Siamo andati sulla Luna], M. Negri (It.)</ref>
*'''Matthias Lipinski''', German "Apollo Projekt" site owner.<ref>[http://apollo-projekt.de Mondlandung oder ein gigantischer Schwindel?], M. Lipinski, 2/10/09 (Ger.)</ref>
*'''Milivoje Jugin''', Serbian aeronautics engineer.<ref name="Zivkovic">[http://ivonazivkovic.net/mesec-apolo.pdf The truth about the astronaut's flight to the Moon], I. Živković, 31/3/08 (Serb.)</ref>
*'''Neil Atkinson''', English geologist and "Apollo Hoax" site owner.<ref name="Lloyd">[http://www.darkstar1.co.uk/moonandTruman.html The Apollo Moon hoax at the Cheltenham festival of science], A. Lloyd, 7/1/09</ref>
*'''Paolo Attivissimo''', Swiss writer, journalist, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://www.attivissimo.net/antibufala/luna/luna_in_sintesi.htm Siamo mai andati sulla luna?], P. Attivissimo, 9/8/09 (It.)</ref>
*'''Patrick Jacques''', President of a Belgian astronomy club.<ref>[http://free-press-release.com/news/200512/1135176175.html KsanLab Educational Screensavers], S. Denisyuk, 21/12/05</ref><ref>[http://digilife.be/aeg/nieuwsbrief/Guidestar%2007-2009.pdf Guidestar], P. Jacques, 4/7/09, pp. 4–7 (Dutch)</ref>
*'''Pavel Gabzdyl''', Czech astronomer.<ref>[http://mesic.hvezdarna.cz/2007/02/byli-lid-na-msci.html Were people on the Moon?], P. Gabzdyl, 12/2/07 (Czech)</ref>
*'''Philip R. Karn, Jr''', American electrical engineer, radio amateur, programmer, and "KA9Q" site owner.<ref name="Karn">[http://ka9q.net/crackpots Debunking crackpot science], P. Karn, 26/9/09</ref>
*'''Piero Bianucci''', Italian journalist and writer.<ref>[http://divulgazione.uai.it/progetti/Siloabbiamofatto.htm Siamo andati sulla Luna?], P. Bianucci, 1/6/09 (It.)</ref>
*'''Robert A. Braeunig''', American engineer, amateur astronomer, and same-named site owner.<ref name="Braeunig">[http://braeunig.us/space/hoax.htm Did we land on the Moon?], R. Braeunig, 30/9/08</ref>
*'''Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão''', Brazilian astronomer.<ref>[http://ronaldomourao.com Ronaldo Mourão / Astronomia & astronáutica] (Pg.)</ref><ref>[http://g1.globo.com/Sites/Especiais/Noticias/0,,MUL1230054-17082,0.html Astrônomo desmente mitos de que homem não teria ido à Lua], M. Juste, 15/7/09 (Pg.)</ref>
*'''Svetoslav Dimitrov Alexandrov''', Bulgarian "Cosmos" site owner.<ref>[http://cosmos.1.bg/portal?option=com_content&view=category&id=14&Itemid=27 Myths and fallacies], S. Alexandrov (Bulg.)</ref>
*'''Thanassis Vembos''', Greek researcher, journalist, writer, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://vembos.gr/biography.html Biography], T. Vembos, 22/4/09 (Gr.)</ref><ref>[http://vembos.gr/moon%20hoax.htm We never went to the Moon?], T. Vembos, 22/4/09 (Gr.)</ref>
*'''Thomas Bohn''', Canadian "Moonshot" site owner.<ref>[http://www3.telus.net/summa/moonshot Apollo anomalies... and how I made them], T. Bohn, 25/10/05</ref>
*'''Tom Callen''', Swedish astronomer and programme producer at Cosmonova, the Swedish Museum of Natural History.<ref>[http://nrm.se/sv/svwujuly2008.6247.html Apollo and the Moon], T. Callen, 7/10/09 (Sw.)</ref>
*'''Tracy Ballinger, Angeline Lim, Katie Sprouse, Ronen Kalay''', and '''Ben Goecke''', American attendants in the Space Science Outreach and Research (SSOAR) academy.<ref>[http://ssoar.org/university/course/projects/fall02.htm Projects—autumn 2002], SSOAR, 18/1/05 (see "Moon landing hoax theory")</ref>
*'''Uwe Rexin''', German "Mondlandung" site owner.<ref>[http://mondlandung.pcdl.de Mondlandung oder Mondlandungslüge], U. Rexin, 4/2/06 (Ger.)</ref>
*'''Visanu Euarchukiati''', Thai Astronomical Society deputy secretary.<ref>[http://thaiastro.nectec.or.th/news/2002/special/moonhoax.html Special report], V. Euarchukiati, 24/7/09 (Thai)</ref><ref>[http://61-91-205-171.static.asianet.co.th/astro/thaiastro.nectec.or.th/eng/tasstff.html Academic Committee of TAS], Thai Astronomical Society, 1/6/09</ref>
*'''Vladimir Nikolaevich Pavlyuk''', Russian aviation equipment engineer who defends NASA in web forums (alias Stary—old man).<ref>[http://sai.msu.su/top100/cgi/vote.cgi?look=1&id_vote=47 AstroRunet stars 2005: Astrorunet man of the year], Sternberg Astronomical Institute (Rus.)</ref>
*'''Yuri Donatovich Krasilnikov'''<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/YuriKrasilnikov.html Yuri Krasilnikov], NASA, 18/5/09</ref><ref>[http://manonmoon.ru/addon/paradox/p2.html Yuri Krasilnikov], Paradox, 4/04 (Rus.)</ref> (physicist and programmer)<ref>[http://www.pereplet.ru/gorm/fomenko/authors.htm Information about the authors], Russian book cover (Rus.)</ref> and '''Vyacheslav Yatskin''' (programmer),<ref>[http://hot.ee/unexplained/me.htm About me], V. Yatskin, 7/8/01 (Rus.)</ref> Russian NASA defenders, authors of the 327 KB long Moon Hoax article at "Skeptik.net".<ref name="Yatskin">[http://skeptik.net/conspir/moonhoax.htm Were Americans on the Moon?], V. Yatskin, Y. Krasilnikov (Rus.)</ref>

NASA defenders who mock Moon sceptics instead of refuting them:

*'''Christopher W. Powers''', American software engineer who wrote a Usenet article in 1995 on filmmaker Stanley Kubrick directing the Moon hoax<ref>[http://galactic-guide.com/articles/8S12.html Moon Hoax, The (SemiReal)], C. Powers, 4/10/95</ref> and admitted that it was a joke twelve years later.<ref>[http://bautforum.com/1093207-post33.html Stanley Kubrick and the lunar landings], C. Powers, 21/10/07</ref>
*'''William Karel''', French filmmaker who directed the mockumentary "Opération Lune" (2002; English version: "Dark side of the Moon") further developing the above joke about Kubrick.<ref>[http://imdb.com/title/tt0344160 Opération Lune], Arte France, 2002</ref>

'''Wikipedia''' editors do their best to defend NASA, categorising the Moon hoax view as "conspiracy theory", "pseudo-science", "pseudo-history", "denialism", etc.<ref>[http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_Hoax_Theory Moon hoax theory], Wikipedia, 21/8/09</ref>

==Moon sceptics or "conspiracy theorists"?==
Moon sceptics are often labelled "conspiracy theorists" (e.g. by Roger Launius, senior curator at the National Air and Space Museum at the US Smithsonian Institution) but they disagree. For example, Bart Sibrel (see below) said:<ref name="ft"/>

{{Cquote|''I'm not a conspiracy theorist. I don't believe in aliens from outer space, and I grew up as a big fan of the Moon missions from age 8 to 14.''}}

Psychologist Floyd Rudmin writes that "conspiracy theory" is a powerful pejorative label, meaning paranoid, nutty, marginal, and certainly untrue. Its power is that it discounts a theory by attacking the motivations and mental competence of its advocates. By labelling an explanation of events "conspiracy theory", evidence and argument are dismissed because they come from a mentally or morally deficient personality, not because they have been shown to be incorrect. Calling an explanation of events "conspiracy theory" means, in effect, "We don't like you, and no one should listen to your explanation."

In past eras, other pejorative labels like "heresy", "witchery", and "communism" also worked like this. The charge of "conspiracy theory" is not so severe, but in its way much worse. Heresy, witchcraft, and communism at least retain a sense of potency, designating ideas to be feared. "Conspiracy theory" implies that the ideas and their advocates are simple-minded or insane. Such labels implicitly define a community of orthodox believers and try to banish or shun people who challenge orthodox beliefs. Community members sympathetic to new thoughts may shy away from them and join in the shunning in fear of being tainted by the pejorative label.<ref>[http://newdemocracyworld.org/old/conspiracy.htm Conspiracy theory as naive deconstructive history], F. Rudmin, 27/9/03</ref>

Besides "conspiracy theorists", Moon sceptics are also called "fringe theorists",<ref>[http://msnbc.msn.com/id/7091082 Moon probe could kill conspiracy theory], L. David, 4/3/05</ref> "refuters"<ref>[http://apollofacts.wikidot.com/hoax:people Moon conspiracy theorists], V. Pustynski, 8/9/09 (Rus.)</ref> (assuming that they hold the burden of proof, which they, e.g. Alexander Popov, deny—see below), "deniers"<ref name="struck"/> (associating them with the Holocaust deniers),<ref>[http://www.davidduke.com/general/holocaut_11248.html Truth needs no laws to support it—Lunar Landings vs Holocau$t], The Official Website of Representative David Duke, 20/7/09</ref> "hoax believers", "crackpots", etc.<ref name="Karn"/> And Julian Scheer (1926–2001), NASA's Assistant Administrator for Public Affairs (1963–1971)<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/bioso-s.html#S Biographies of aerospace officials and policy makers, O–S], NASA, 30/6/08</ref> stated:<ref name="fox"/><sup>(41:43–41:51)</sup>

{{Cquote|''I would say that anybody who believes that we did not go to the Moon is an absolute nut.''}}

Conversely, NASA defenders are called "NASA hiwis"<ref>[http://ww2incolor.com/german/dgsf.html German infantry and "Hiwi"], WWII in colour, 10/08</ref> and "Pro-Apollo nutters" ("PANs") by Moon sceptics Yuri Mukhin<ref name="Mukhin"/><sup>(p. 251)</sup> and Sam Colby,<ref name="reality">[http://apolloreality.bravehost.com Apollo reality], S. Colby, 2/3/09</ref> respectively (see below).

The following funny theses are popular in the Russian Internet community:

{|class="TablePager"
|-
!The 4 theses of "Stary"<ref>[http://vif2ne.ru/nvz/forum/arhprint/195409 About the so-called theses of "Stary"], 14/3/07 (Rus.)</ref>
!The 4 theses of "Gosh"<ref>[http://gosh100.boom.ru/FAQ.htm FAQ], 24/11/09 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|
#The refuters are unable to find in the universally accepted theory a single discrepancy that would permit a suspicion in falsification.
#The refuters do not understand anything in what they try to judge.
#The refuters are unable to make both ends meet even in the very grounds of their own theories.
#The refuters are forced to lie and fake, although they accuse their opponents and NASA in this all the time.
|
#The flyers' position is based on an absolute, religious faith in the Americans' landing, because they have no evidence and they are unable to stand up for their beliefs with facts and numbers.
#The flyers, being profanes in the subject themselves, have terrible complexes because of that, and try with all their might to shift the argument about the landing into a discussion about the opponents' personalities, thus trying to self-assert.
#In the course of the argument, they so much lie, cheat and dodge, and to hide all this—they first attack their opponents with accusations in cheating and faking, "finding" them even where they cannot be in principle.
#In the bottom line, the flyers cannot refute a single evidence of the affair produced by the conspirologists without speculations, faking and going into personalities.
|}

==Major Moon sceptics==
Some of the most notable Moon sceptics are listed below.

===Bill Kaysing===
'''William Charles Kaysing''' (1922–2005), American writer and head of technical publications (1957–1963) at Rocketdyne, makers of the F-1 Saturn V first stage engine.<ref>[http://billkaysing.com/biography.php Biography], W. Kaysing, 27/9/07</ref> He wrote the book "We never went to the Moon" with Randy Reid in 1974.<ref name="Kaysing"/><ref name="Plait"/><sup>(ch. 17)</sup><ref name="Nardwuar">[http://nardwuar.com/vs/bill_kaysing Nardwuar vs Bill Kaysing], Nardwuar the Human Serviette, 16/2/96</ref>

Kaysing stated that the chance of a successful Moon landing was calculated to be 0.0017% in a late 1950s Rocketdyne report,<ref name="Braeunig"/> and that the F-1 rocket engine had combustion stability problems.<ref name="Kaysing"/><sup>[http://books.google.com?id=N1Gcfdj81T4C&pg=PA9 (p. 9)]</sup><ref name="Ray">[http://system-safety.org/ejss/past/julaug2004ejss/techarticle.html Failure modes of the F-1 rocket engine system], P. Ray, Journal of System Safety, ISSN 0743-8826, Vol. 40, No. 4, 7–8/04</ref> He said that the Saturn V rockets took off without astronauts on board, suggesting a "coalition between governments at the highest level" to conceal, among other things, the Moon hoax.<ref name="Nardwuar"/>

===Bart Sibrel===
'''Bartholomew Winfield Sibrel''' (b. 1965),<ref name="stalker">[http://www.newsweek.com/id/65087 American beat: Moon stalker], Newsweek, 16/9/02</ref> American filmmaker and investigative journalist who made the following documentary films:<ref>[http://moonmovie.com Moon landing hoax central], B. Sibrel, 8/9/09</ref>

#A funny thing happened on the way to the Moon (2001)<ref name="funny">[http://imdb.com/title/tt0446557 A funny thing happened on the way to the Moon], Bart Sibrel, 2001</ref>
#Astronauts Gone Wild (2004)<ref>[http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-2265515730495966561 Astronauts gone wild], Google Video</ref>
#Apollo 11 press conference (2004)<ref name="pressconf">[http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=1535324572487804641 Apollo 11 press conference], Google Video</ref>
#Apollo 11: Monkey business: False photography unedited (2004)<ref>[http://moonmovie.com/mbft.htm Apollo 11: Monkey business: False photography unedited], B. Sibrel, 19/6/09</ref>
#Apollo One accident report (2007)<ref>[http://moonmovie.com/apollo1.htm Apollo One accident report, Expanded edition], B. Sibrel, 10/7/09</ref>

Sibrel says that "a successful manned mission to the Moon offered a wonderful, pride-boosting distraction for the near revolt of the citizens of America over 50,000 deaths in the Vietnam War",<ref>[http://www.clavius.org/bibsibrel.html Bibliography—Bart Sibrel's top fifteen], J. Windley, 6/2/08</ref> with lunar activities stopping abruptly and planned missions cancelled around the same time that the USA ceased its involvement in Vietnam.<ref>[http://davesweb.cnchost.com/Apollo3.html Wagging the Moondoggie, Part 3], D. McGowan, 25/11/09</ref>

In his film "Astronauts gone wild" (see above), Sibrel asked nine Apollo astronauts to swear on the Bible that they went to the Moon. Three of them did.<ref name="moonhoax">[http://tarrdaniel.freeweb.hu/documents/Ufology/moonhoax.html Moon Hoax], J. White, A. Ranen, 22/8/09</ref> Apollo 11 lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin did not. Sibrel called him "a coward and a liar and a thief"<ref name="ap"/> but got a punch in the face.<ref name="struck"/><ref name="stalker"/><ref>[http://binnallofamerica.com/boaa11.25.6.html An audio interview with Bart Sibrel], T. Binnall, 23/11/06</ref>

===Stanislav Pokrovsky===
Dr '''Stanislav Georgievich Pokrovsky''' (b. 1959)<ref>S. Pokrovsky, [http://vif2ne.ru/nvz/forum/archive/210/210419 Intermediate bottom line], 10/9/07 (Rus.)</ref> is a Russian candidate of technical sciences and General Director of the scientific-manufacturing enterprise "Project-D-MSK".<ref name="Pokrovsky">[http://professionali.ru/~170677 Pokrovsky], Professionali.ru (Rus.)</ref>

In 2007, he studied the filmed staging of the first stage (S-IC) of the Saturn V rocket after the launch of Apollo 11.<ref>[http://archive.org/details/HSF-mov-apollo11_launchclip03 A view of the first stage separation of Apollo 11], The Internet archive</ref> Analysing it frame by frame, he calculated the actual speed of the Saturn V rocket at S-IC staging time using four different, independent and mutually verifying methods. With all of them, the calculated speed turned out to be at maximum half (1.2 km/s) of the declared one at that point (2.4 km/s). He concluded that due to this, no more than 28 t could be brought on the way to the Moon, including the spacecraft, instead of the 46 t declared by NASA, and so a loop around the Moon was possible but not a manned landing on the Moon with return to the Earth.<ref>S. Pokrovsky, [http://manonmoon.ru/addon/22/Saturn5.doc The Americans could not land on the Moon], Actual problems of the modern science, ISSN 1680-2721, [http://library.stavsu.ru?act=basket&q=a&i=197997 5/07], pp. 152–166 (Rus.)</ref><ref>S. Pokrovsky, [http://manonmoon.ru/addon/22/Saturn5-3.doc A more exact estimation of the Saturn-V speed], Manonmoon.ru (Rus.)</ref><ref name="Moon">[http://supernovum.ru/public?chapter=20 Moon], Supernovum (Rus.)</ref><ref name="moreExact">S. Pokrovsky, [http://vif2ne.ru/nvz/forum/archive/229/229340 A more exact reconstruction], 27/4/08 (Rus.)</ref>

In 2008, Pokrovsky also claimed to have determined the reason why a higher speed was impossible—problems with the Inconel X-750 superalloy used for the tubes of the wall of the thrust chamber of the F-1 engine,<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4206/ch4.htm "Stages to Saturn", Chapter 4], R. Bilstein, 22/3/02</ref> whose physics of high-temperature strength was not yet studied at that time. The strength of the material changes when affected by high temperature and plastic deformations. As a result, the F-1 engine thrust had to be lowered by at least 20%. With these assumptions, he calculated that the real speed would be the same as he had already estimated (see above). Pokrovsky proved that six or more F-1 engines (instead of five) could not be used due to the increased fuel mass required by each new engine, which in turn would require more engines, and so on.<ref name="Moon"/><ref name="moreExact"/><ref>Proceedings of the conference at the Russian New University, Nano-technologies section, 25/4/08 (Rus.)</ref><ref>S. Pokrovsky, [http://manonmoon.ru/addon/22/inkonel.doc Why the flight to the Moon did not take place], Manonmoon.ru (Rus.)</ref>

Pokrovsky claims that his Saturn V speed estimation is the "first direct proof of the impossibility of the Apollo Moon landing".<ref name="Pokrovsky"/> He says that fifteen specialists with scientific degrees (e.g. Alexander Budnik)<ref>[http://science-kaluga.ru/authors?content=info&id=57 Alexander Budnik], Institute for physics and power engineering (Rus.)</ref> who reviewed his paper, of which at least five aerodynamics experts and three narrow specialists in ultrasonic movement and aerosols, raised no objections in principle, and the specific wishes and notes they (e.g. Vladimir Surdin)<ref>[http://lnfm1.sai.msu.ru/~surdin Vladimir Surdin], Sternberg Astronomical Institute</ref> did have could not change his results significantly even if followed.<ref>S. Pokrovsky, [http://vif2ne.ru/nvz/forum/archive/224/224431 Questions], 7/1/08 (Rus.)</ref><ref>S. Pokrovsky, [http://vif2ne.ru/nvz/forum/archive/205/205780 A short message], 8/7/07 (Rus.)</ref> Pokrovsky compares his own frame-by-frame analysis of the filmed Saturn V flight to the frame-by-frame analysis of the filmed Trinity nuclear test (1945) done by the Soviet academician Leonid Sedov who created his own blast wave theory to estimate the then top secret power of the explosion.<ref>S. Pokrovsky, [http://supernovum.ru/forum/read.php?1,5829,11529 There is a difference between these two methodologies], Supernovum, 23/10/07 (Rus.)</ref>

See also author's note below.<ref>Wikipedia had an article devoted to the hoax "accusers". Two days after adding the above text about Pokrovsky's findings there on 23 July 2009, the entire article was proposed for deletion and [http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Moon_landing_hoax_accusers deleted] in a week. Meanwhile, Pokrovsky's business site was [http://stopbadware.org/reports/5c21a9099578f8813569d40a8bd007eb hacked] and was empty in August–September 2009.</ref> Pokrovsky's findings about the rocket speed were later confirmed by Alexander Reshnyak and Alexander Popov (see below) and his smoke lag method proven to be valid.<ref>L. Georgiev, [http://4dos.hit.bg/velocity.pdf Rocket velocity computation method algorithm], Computer science and technologies, ISSN 1312-3335, 2/08, pp. 27–29</ref>

===Alexander Popov===
Dr '''Alexander Ivanovich Popov''' (b. 1943) is a Russian senior research associate, doctor of physical-mathematical sciences, and author of more than 100 scientific works and inventions in the fields of laser optics and spectroscopy.<ref>A. Popov, [http://web.archive.org/web/moon.thelook.ru Man on the Moon? What evidence?], 27/12/06 (Rus.)</ref>

Helped by more than forty volunteers, most of which with scientific degrees,<ref name="Popov0">A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/0.htm Ruin and curses awaited the loser], 2/10/09 (Rus.)</ref> he wrote the book "Americans on the Moon" (2009).<ref name="Popov">A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru Americans on the Moon], Veche, 2009, ISBN 9785953333153 (Rus.)</ref><ref>[http://labirint-shop.ru/news/4661 Struggle of systems], A. Gromov, 16/3/09 (Rus.)</ref> In it, Popov placed the burden of proof on NASA,<ref name="Popov0"/> and denied all Moon landing evidence, dividing it to five groups:

#Visual (photo, film and video) material that can successfully be made on Earth, in cinema studios.
#Obvious counterfeits and fakes, when visual material from ordinary space flights on Earth orbit is presented as Moon material.
#Space photos, attributed to the astronauts but which by that time could already be made and were made by space robots, including American ones.
#Devices on Moon (e.g., light reflectors)—by that time both American and Soviet automatic "messengers" had sent on Moon several tens of similar devices.
#Unfounded, unprovable claims, e.g., for about 400 kg of soil, overwhelming part of which NASA keeps safe and gives only grams for checking.

Thus he concluded that the NASA claims on Moon landings are left unproven, and pursuant to science rules, in the absence of trustworthy evidence, the event, in this case the American Moon landings and their loops around the Moon, cannot be considered real, that is, having taken place.<ref name="veche"/> He also confirmed Pokrovsky's results for the speed of the Saturn V at S-IC staging time (see above).<ref>A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/22.htm What we know about the "Moon" rocket], 11/6/10 (Rus.)</ref><ref>[http://manonmoon.ru/articles/st11.htm A rocket so slow could not fly to the Moon], A. Popov, 28/4/10</ref> Popov accused the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee of trading the 1970s Détente for covering up the US Moon hoax and stopping the Soviet Moon programme.<ref name="Popov9">[http://kbarieru.info/201015?15_5_1 Half a step to victory], A. Popov, 16/12/09 (Rus.)</ref>

===Yuri Mukhin===
'''Yuri Ignatievich Mukhin''' (b. 1949), Russian opposition politician, publicist, writer, engineer, metallurgist, manager, and inventor. Author of the books "The Moon affair of the USA" (2006)<ref>[http://ymuhin.ru?q=node/35 "AntiApollo". The Moon affair of the USA], Y. Mukhin (Rus.)</ref> and "A Moon affair" (2009),<ref name="Mukhin"/> and the film "Maximum lies and nonsense" (2010).<ref>[http://ymuhin.ru?q=node/293 Maximum lies and nonsense], Y. Mukhin, 23/2/10 (Rus.)</ref> In his works, he examines the differences between the Soviet and US lunar soil found out by Western researchers, refutes the NASA defenders' arguments, and accuses the US government for plundering the taxpayers' money for the Moon programme. Mukhin states that the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee was blackmailed by the USA that if the USSR denounces the Moon hoax, the US will denounce the Soviet partocracy before his people, revealing that Khrushchev had killed Stalin and Beria.<ref name="Mukhin"/><sup>(pp. 124–126)</sup>

===Other Moon sceptics===
*H.E. Dr '''Hugo Chávez Frías''' (b. 1954), the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.<ref name="Chavez"/><ref name="ChavezFr"/>
*Prof. Dr '''Krassimir Ivanov Ivandjiiski''' (b. 1947), Bulgarian doctor of economics and professor in geopolitics and international relations.<ref>[http://strogosekretno.com?p=editor Krassimir Ivandjiiski], Strogo Sekretno</ref> He is the editor of the monthly analytical newspaper "Strogo sekretno" ("Top secret"), which published a series of ten articles on the Moon Hoax, based on the ideas of Alexander Popov (see above) and Arkady Velyurov (see below) in 2007–2008<ref>[http://strogosekretno.com?p=issue&id=160 Issue 160], Strogo Sekretno, 9/08 (Bulg.)</ref> and started a new series in 2010.<ref>[http://strogosekretno.com?p=issue&id=183 Issue 183], Strogo Sekretno, 8/10 (Bulg.)</ref>
*Prof. Dr '''Li Zifeng''', Chinese geologist, member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers and the Petroleum Society of Canada.<ref>Zifeng Li et al, [http://wbabin.net/physics/smulsky1.pdf The essence of special relativity and its influence on science, philosophy and society], Proceedings of the Natural Philosophy Alliance, 4/06, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 126–130</ref><ref>[http://blog.sina.com/s/blog_56ffa8140100eaa7.html The US Apollo Moon landing was a hoax], Li Zifeng, Science and Technology, issue 5 (137), 5/09, pp. 272–273 (Chin.)</ref>
*Prof. Dr '''Takahiko Soejima''' (b. 1953), Japanese political scientist and writer, member of the International Political Science Association, founder and president of the Soejima National Strategy Institute, and author of the book "1962–1972: Apollo 11 has never been to the Moon" (2004).<ref>Takahiko Soejima, [http://www.library.miyama.fukuoka.jp/serls/tosmok.asp?tilcod=174405&mngkbn=01 1962–1972: Apollo 11 has never been to the Moon], Tokuma Shoten, 2004, ISBN 9784198618747 (Jap.)</ref>
*Prof. '''Federico Martín Maglio''' (b. 1959), Argentinian higher educator and "FMM education" site owner.<ref>[http://fmmeducacion.com.ar/Historia/Notas/Viajeluna/viajeluna01.htm Viaje a la Luna ¿fue un fraude?], F. Maglio, 15/8/09 (Sp.)</ref>
*Prof. '''James M. McCanney''', American physicist, lecturer, writer, radio show host, and "J. McCanney science" site owner.<ref>[http://jmccanneyscience.com/thought%20of%20the%20day.HTM Thought of the day], J. McCanney, 5/3/10</ref>
*Prof. '''Luke Sargent''', American historian, professional violinist, and "Fake Apollo" site owner.<ref>[http://fakeapollo.com Fake Apollo], L. Sargent, 7/2/10</ref>
*Dr '''David Groves''', British physicist and holographic computer image analyst. Analysing NASA photo AS11-40-5866,<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/images11.html#5866 AS11-40-5866], NASA, 21/11/09</ref> knowing the focal length of the camera's lens, and having an actual boot, he and David Percy (see below) calculated (using ray-tracing) that an artificial light source is 30 ± 6 cm to the right of the camera.<ref name="what"/><sup>(35:14–36:46)</sup><ref>[http://youtube.com?v=A6MvcIs4OcQ Apollo Moon Hoax? Dr David Groves Analysis], Youtube, 26/4/07</ref><ref>[http://aulis.com/nasa4.htm Examples of anomalies and inconsistencies in the Apollo photography], Aulis Publishers, 20/1/08</ref><ref name="cosmic">[http://www.ufos-aliens.co.uk/cosmicapollo.html The Apollo Hoax], D. Cosnette, 26/7/09</ref>
*Dr '''Marco Stefanelli''', Italian PhD in Indovedic psychology, analyst-programmer, Web engineer, painter, Reiki Usui alternative medicine practitioner, researcher, audio engineer, sound designer, composer, multi-instrumentalist, and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://marcostefanelli.com/luna Non siamo mai andati sulla Luna!?], M. Stefanelli, 27/4/09 (It.)</ref>
*Dr '''Neville Thomas Jones''', British physicist and "Reality reviewed" site owner.<ref name="Jones"/>
*Dr '''Sergey Andreevich Alexeenko''', Russian inventor, candidate of physical-mathematical sciences, Honorary builder of the Baikonur and Plesetsk space launch facilities, member of the Federation of Cosmonautics of Russia, and nuclear weapon test participant.<ref>Moon race: who won?, Wonders and adventures, ISSN 0868-8931, 1/[http://publ.lib.ru/ARCHIVES/CH/%27%27Chudesa_i_priklyucheniya%27%27/_%27%27Chudesa_i_priklyucheniya%27%27_2001_.html 2001], pp. 32–34 (Rus.)</ref><ref>[http://urss.ru/cgi-bin/db.pl?lang=Ru&page=Book&id=85491 Spiritual Russia and the Internet], URSS Publishers, 2009, ISBN 9785971002369 (Rus.)</ref>
*Dr '''Shrikant N. Devdikar''', Indian medical doctor and "Shriworld" site owner.<ref>[http://shriworld.com/HP/moon.htm Man never landed on the Moon], Shrikant Devdikar, 10/2/08</ref>
*Dr '''William L. Brian II''', American engineer and writer.<ref>[http://zoominfo.com/Search/ReferencesView.aspx?PersonID=12145019 Dr William Brian], ZoomInfo</ref><ref>[http://ahealedplanet.net/cover-up.htm#apollo Investigating possible conspiracies and cover-ups], Wade Frazier, 27/3/09</ref> He says that "the film speed was adjusted to slow down the action to give the impression that the astronauts were lighter than they actually were".<ref>[http://beyond-the-illusion.com/files/Science/Space/Planets/Moon/Moongate.txt Research Data on the Moon], Beyond the Illusion, 29/12/08</ref>
*'''Abhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda''' (1896–1977), the founder of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness.<ref name="acb"/>
*'''Alexander Garrievich Gordon''' (b. 1964), Russian radio and TV host, journalist, actor, and filmmaker. Author of the film "The Americans haven't been on the Moon" (1997).<ref name="Gordon"/>
*'''Alexander Valeryevich Reshnyak''' (b. 1973), Russian engineer<ref>[http://nasledie.ru/persstr/persona/reshnyak/article.php Biographical article], A. Reshnyak, 2007 (Rus.)</ref> who confirmed Pokrovsky's results on the Saturn V speed (see above) using a method of his own.<ref>[http://vif2ne.ru/nvz/forum/archive/227/227921 A short synopsis of the inversion trace speed determination method + neojet], A. Reshnyak, 29/3/08 (Rus.)</ref>
*'''André F. Mauro''' (b. 1964), Brazilian filmmaker and writer, author of the book "O homem não pisou na Lua" ("Man did not set foot on the Moon"), and "Show da Lua" site owner.<ref name="Folha"/><ref>[http://showdalua.com Show da Lua], A. Mauro, 30/1/08 (Pg.)</ref>
*'''Anne Tonelson''' (d. 2006), British stage actress who lived in Nashville and narrated the documentary film "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Moon" by Bart Sibrel (see above).<ref>[http://youtube.com?v=lvR76W2oOzU Celebrating Anne Tonelson], Youtube, 23/4/08</ref>
*'''Anup Raj Shrestha''', Nepalese software developer and "Big Mantra" site owner.<ref name="Raj"/>
*'''Arkady Velyurov''', Russian "Pepelatsy" site owner.<ref>[http://free-inform.narod.ru Free information source], A. Velyurov, 6/9/09 (Rus.)</ref>
*'''Aron Ranen''', American filmmaker. His documentary film "Did we go?" (co-produced with Benjamin Britton) was selected for the 2000 "New Documentary Series" Museum of Modern Art, New York City, the 2000 Dallas Video Festival Awards, and the 2001 Digital Video Underground Festival in San Francisco. He received a Golden Cine Eagle and two fellowships from the National Endowment for Arts.<ref name="moonhoax"/><ref name="didwego">[http://moonhoax.com Did we go?], A. Ranen, 18/12/06</ref>
*'''Bill Wood''', American scientist with degrees in mathematics, physics and chemistry, and a space rocket and propulsion engineer who has worked with McDonnell Douglas and engineers who worked on the Saturn V rocket. He attended David Percy's documentary film "What happened on the Moon?" (see below).<ref name="what"/><sup>(17:20–18:15)</sup>
*'''Borislav Lazarov''', Bulgarian radio host, journalist and author of the documentary film "To the Moon and back" (2007).<ref>[http://www.monitor.bg/article?id=114901 Facts and mysteries about UFOs on bTV], Monitor, 26/3/07 (Bulg.)</ref><ref>[http://paper.standartnews.com/bg/article.php?article=185710 A Bulgarian film solves the Moon mystery], Standard, 15/4/07 (Bulg.)</ref>
*'''Bruce Mitchell Nash''' (b. 1947), American writer and reality TV producer.<ref name="Nash"/><ref name="fox"/>
*'''Charles T. Hawkins''' (b. 1962), American writer whose book "How America faked the Moon landings" (2004) presents the ideas of Sam Colby (see below).<ref>[http://www.clavius.org/bibhawkins.html Who speaks for Charles Hawkins?], J. Windley, 28/1/04</ref><ref name="afb">[http://apollofeedback.bravehost.com Apollo feedback] to S. Colby, 14/8/09</ref><ref>C. Hawkins, [http://amazon.com/dp/0974940542 How America faked the Moon landings], GTI Publishers, 2004, ISBN 9780974940540</ref>
*'''Clyde Lewis''' (Louis Clyde Holder, born 1964), American radio talk show host.<ref name="Gorsky"/>
*'''David Cosnette''', British "Cosmic Conspiracies" site owner.<ref name="cosmic"/>
*'''David McGowan''' (b. 1960), American writer, contractor-constructor, and "Centre for an Informed America" ("CIA") site owner.<ref name="cia">[http://davesweb.cnchost.com Centre for an informed America], D. McGowan, 8/12/09</ref>
*'''David P. Wozney''', Canadian tax specialist.<ref>[http://ocii.com/~dpwozney Apollo Moon missions anomalies & inconsistencies], D. Wozney, 10/3/10</ref>
*'''David R. Hook''' (1971–2006), Canadian comedian, musician, and author of "The Moon song".<ref>[http://orwelltoday.com/readermoonsongdavehook.shtml Reader: Moon Song, Dave Hook], 27/8/09</ref>
*'''David S. Percy''', British TV producer, audio-visual technology expert, member of the Royal Photographic Society, coauthor (with Mary Bennett—see below) of the book "Dark Moon" (2001),<ref name="dark"/> and director of the documentary film "What happened on the Moon?" (2000).<ref name="what"/> He says that NASA photos have so obvious flaws that they prove that insiders tried to "blow the whistle" on the hoax by purposely adding errors they know will be seen.<ref>[http://aulis.com/david-percy.htm David Percy], Aulis Publishers, 30/6/08</ref><ref>[http://video.forteantimes.com/online/200709moon1.pdf Did NASA hoax the moon landing photos?], D. Percy, 1997</ref><ref>[http://youtube.com?v=bNrsx-7nxKI For the love of: Lunar conspiracy], J. Ronson, 25/2/97</ref>
*'''Eric Hufschmid''', American software engineer<ref>[http://thetruthseeker.co.uk/article.asp?ID=2897 An "Invisable army" fights the media lies about 9/11], C. Bollyn, 24/3/05</ref> and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://erichufschmid.net/Apollo_NASA.html Apollo Moon landings and NASA], E. Hufschmid, 25/10/09</ref>
*'''Gerhard Wisnewski''' (b. 1959),<ref>[http://muslim-markt.de/interview/2004/wisnewski.htm Gerhard Wisnewski], Muslim-Markt, 5/10/04 (Ger.)</ref> German publicist and author of the films "Die Akte Apollo" ("The case Apollo", 2002)<ref name="akte">[http://imdb.com/title/tt0435599 Die Akte Apollo], Westdeutscher Rundfunk, 2002</ref> and "Die Mond(f)lüge: Warum Menschen niemals auf dem Mond landeten?" ("Why have men never landed on the Moon?", 2008),<ref>[http://amazon.de/dp/3942016036 Why have men never landed on the Moon?], Amazon, 22/11/09 (Ger.)</ref> and the books "Lies in space"<ref>G. Wisnewski, [http://amazon.de/dp/342677755X Lügen im Weltraum], Drömer/Knaur, 2005, ISBN 9783426777558 (Ger.)</ref> (in German) and its English version—"One small step?".<ref name="step">G. Wisnewski, [http://books.google.com?id=EwEEIzdTfW0C One Small Step?], Clairview Books, 2008, ISBN 9781905570126</ref><ref>[http://gerhard-wisnewski.de/Table/Wissenschaft/Mondlandung/ Mondlandung], G. Wisnewski (Ger.)</ref>
*'''Gernot L. Geise''', German writer, author of "Der größte Betrug des Jahrhunderts? Die Apollo-Mondflüge" ("The greatest scam of the century? The Apollo Moon flights")<ref>[http://hagdise.de/forum/nachr15.htm Studio records?], Magic Secrets, 26/8/09 (Ger.)</ref> and five other books on the subject.<ref>[http://glgeise.de Gernot Geise], 21/8/09 (Ger.)</ref>
*'''Henrik Melvang''', Danish publicist, author of the video documentary film "Afsløring Apollo" ("Uncovering Apollo")<ref>[http://bombsinsidewtc.dk/unmask/side2.htm Henrik Melvang], Unmask Production, 3/11/03 (Dan.)</ref>
*'''Henry Kubik''', Polish-Australian electronic music composer, lyricist, performer, sound engineer, and producer.<ref>[http://zbawienie.com/moon1.htm US expedition to the Moon], H. Kubik, 7/10/08 (Pol.)</ref>
*'''Ivona Živković''', Serbian journalist and TV star.<ref name="Zivkovic"/><ref>[http://nin.co.rs/2002-06/13/23640.html About the suspension of a TV star], Z. Latinović, 13/6/02 (Serb.)</ref>
*'''Jack White''', American photo historian, photo analyst, and expert on the assassination of US President John Kennedy.<ref>[http://aulis.com/jackstudies_index1.html Jack White's Apollo Studies], Aulis Publishers, 12/8/09</ref>
*'''Jackie Jura''', independent Canadian researcher and "Orwell Today" site owner.<ref>[http://orwelltoday.com Orwell today], J. Jura</ref>
*'''James Beals''', American "Future Sun" site owner.<ref name="Beals"/>
*'''James J. Cranny''', American mathematician and author of the first book on the subject—"Did man land on the Moon?" (1970).<ref name="Cranny"/><ref name="Gordon"/><sup>(2:52–3:03)</sup>
*'''James M. Collier''' (d. 1998), American journalist, writer, and author of the film "Was it only a paper Moon?" in 1997, in which he examines some mechanical issues of the Apollo Lunar Module, questioning its usability.<ref>[http://thule.org/moon.html Was it only a paper Moon?], J. Collier, 5/4/09</ref><ref>[http://buzzcreek.com/grade-a/MOON Paper Moon], J. Collier, 15/7/08</ref>
*'''Jarrah White''', native Australian, author of the film series "MoonFaker".<ref name="moonhoax"/><ref>[http://moonhoax.us Finally the world will know], J. White, 2/10/09</ref>
*'''Jean-Luc Godard''' (b. 1930), French-Swiss filmmaker.<ref>[http://liberation.fr/cinema/120185-morceaux Jean-Luc Godard asked me to film him as a painter in his studio], A. Fleischer, 28/1/09 (Fr.)</ref><ref>[http://lejdd.fr/Societe/Sciences/Actualite/On-a-marche-sur-la-Lune-15856 Explorers on the Moon?], J. Guillas, 31/10/09 (Fr.)</ref>
*'''Jiří Wojnar''', Czech writer, journalist, and editor of the "WM" magazine who published a Czech translation of Sam Colby's work (see below) in 2004.<ref>[http://mwm.cz/wm_profil/PROFIL.htm Magazine profile], WM, 9/1/08 (Czech)</ref><ref>[http://prop.sk/americania.htm Američania na Mesiaci? Falzifikácia ako z Hollywoodu!], WM, 2/9/04 (Czech)</ref>
*'''Joe Rogan''' (b. 1967), American comedian, actor, and summariser.<ref>[http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2007/02/26 Joe Rogan, me (and Penn), and the Moon hoax: Take III], P. Plait, 27/2/07</ref>
*'''John Lee''', American "NASA moons USA" site<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/geocities.com/nasa_moons_usa NASA moons dumbed down USA], J. Lee, 21/9/04</ref> owner whose film "We Never Went to the Moon" received the "Music Video of the Year" award in 2005.<ref>[http://newswire.indymedia.org/pt/2005/11/828490.shtml UFOetry receives "Music Video of the Year Award"], Indymedia, 23/11/05</ref>
*'''Kazimierz Ożóg''', Polish "Market analysis" site owner.<ref>[http://analizyrynkowe.cal.pl/articles.php?cat_id=14 Articles: Moon landing], K. Ożóg (Pol.)</ref>
*'''Kenneth Lee Vardon''' (b. 1939), American Navy veteran, radioman, cryptographer, businessman, consultant, and founder of the American Patriot Friends Network.<ref>[http://apfn.org/apfn/kenvardon.htm Kenneth Vardon], APFN, 27/12/08</ref><ref>[http://apfn.org/apfn/moon.htm Was the Apollo Moon landing fake?], APFN, 26/1/10</ref>
*'''Kevin Overstreet''', American "Bates Motel" site owner.<ref>[http://batesmotel.8m.com Faked Moon landings?], K. Overstreet, 25/2/99</ref>
*'''László Aranyi''', Hungarian same-named site owner and translator of Sam Colby's pages (see below).<ref>[http://biztonsagostarhely.eu/aranylaci Website of László Aranyi], 3/1/10 (Hung.)</ref>
*'''Lauri Leinonen''', Finnish sheep farmer, web designer, and "Lampuri" site owner.<ref>[http://lampuri.fi/kuu.htm Kuu], L. Leinonen, 4/9/08 (Fin.)</ref>
*'''Leonid Valentinovich Batsura''', Russian "Himmash" design house lead engineer and rocket engine specialist.<ref>[http://mosoblpress.ru/kalin/show.shtml?d_id=90089 Discussion tribune], L. Batsura, Kaliningradskaya Pravda, issue 144, 23/12/04 (Rus.)</ref><ref>[http://duel.ru/200031?31_4_2 Did not land on the Moon!], House Reading, issue 5 (177), 3/00 (Rus.)</ref>
*'''Marcus Allen''', British photographer, image analyst, and publisher of Nexus magazine who said that Lunar Module photos do not prove that the US put men on the Moon: "Getting to the Moon really isn't much of a problem—the Russians did that in 1959—the big problem is getting people there".<ref name="Lloyd"/><ref>[http://smh.com.au/articles/2002/11/24/1037697982142.html Telescope to challenge Moon doubters], R. Matthews, 25/11/02</ref><ref>[http://apolloanomalies.com/media/m0773.wmv Excerpt from the film "Secret Space"], C. Everard (7.5 MB)</ref>
*'''Mario Kienappel''', German "Esoturio" site owner.<ref>[http://esoturio.com/de/wahrheit/mondlandung.php Mondlandung, die Lüge über einen Mondflug (Mondlüge)], M. Kienappel, 22/5/07 (Ger.)</ref>
*'''Marwa Rizk''', Egyptian journalist and columnist of the "Moheet" on-line daily.<ref>[http://moheet.com/show_files.aspx?fid=280056 Big bluff or reality?], M. Rizk, 16/7/09 (Ar.)</ref>
*'''Mary D. M. Bennett''', British researcher and writer who coauthored David Percy's book "Dark Moon"<ref name="dark"/> and attended his documentary film "What happened on the Moon?"<ref name="what"/> (see above).<ref>[http://aulis.com/nasaauthors.htm About the authors], Aulis Publishers, 4/9/08</ref>
*'''Michael Palomino''', Swiss musician, writer, and "Geschichte in Chronologie" ("History in chronology") site owner.<ref>[http://geschichteinchronologie.ch/atmosphaerenfahrt-index.html#03 Die Beweise für die Mondlüge], M. Palomino, 14/1/10</ref>
*'''Pasi Toivonen''' (b. 1970), Finnish "Cutting edge Finland" site owner.<ref>[http://cuttingedgefinland.tripod.com/moonhoax.html Houston—we have a problem], P. Toivonen, 1/03 (Fin.)</ref>
*'''Peter Bown''', English senior school physics teacher and part time photographer.<ref>[http://empusa.co.uk/lunar The lunar conspiracy? Did man really go to the Moon?], P. Brown, 15/11/08</ref>
*'''Philippe Lheureux''', French author of the books "Moon Landings: Did NASA lie?" and "Lumières sur la Lune" ("Lights on the Moon"), and same-named site owner.<ref>[http://lheureux.free.fr Site officiel du livre 'Lumières sur la Lune'], Editions Carnot, 14/9/03 (Fr.)</ref>
*'''Ralph René''' (1933–2008), American inventor, self-taught engineering enthusiast, and author of the book "NASA mooned America" (1994).<ref name="Rene"/>
*'''Randy Reid''', American coauthor of Bill Kaysing's book "We never went to the Moon" (see above).<ref name="Kaysing"/>
*'''Ronnie Stonge''', British narrator of David Percy's documentary film "What happened on the Moon?" (see above).<ref name="what"/>
*'''Sam Colby''', British "NASA Scam" site<ref>[http://nasascam.bravehost.com Numerous Anomalies and Scams Abound], S. Colby, 4/8/09</ref> owner which, among the other things, provides information and photos of the site and the equipment said to be used for the hoax.<ref name="reality"/><ref name="doggle">[http://groundzeromedia.org/dis/moondoggle/moondoggle.htm The new Moondoggle], C. Lewis, 18/8/09</ref>
*'''Satsvarūpa dāsa Goswāmī''' (b. 1939), Indian writer, poet, artist, and guru of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness.<ref name="sdg"/>
*'''Victor Pavlovich Friedman''' (b. 1970), Russian writer who lived in the USA (1991–2002) and translated René's book (see above) to Russian.<ref>[http://oko-planet.su/politik/politwar/34206-rene.html Ralph René: NASA mooned America!], Eye of the planet, 20/3/10 (Rus.)</ref>
*'''Whoopi Goldberg''' (Caryn Elaine Johnson, born 1955), American actress, comedian, singer-songwriter, activist, and media personality.<ref>[http://youtube.com?v=IAlqQmiDesE Whoopi Goldberg discusses the faked Moon landing conspiracy], Youtube, 20/7/09</ref><ref>[http://associatedcontent.com/article/1963976/moon Moon landing conspiracy theories and Whoopi Goldberg], M. Whittington, 20/7/09</ref>

==People and organisations said to be involved in hoaxing==
*Prof. Dr '''Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun''' (1912–1977), claimed by Bart Sibrel,<ref>[http://moonmovie.com/moonmovie/default.asp Moon landing hoax top 10 reasons], B. Sibrel</ref> Ralph René,<ref name="Rene"/><sup>(pp. 16, 54)</sup>, Aron Ranen<ref name="didwego"/><sup>([http://youtube.com?v=bxEZXyQk4rs#t=6m14s part 5], 6:14–7:21)</sup> and Stanislav Pokrovsky,<ref>[http://vif2ne.ru/nvz/forum/0/co/293618 Lunar soil], S. Pokrovsky, 24/5/10 (Rus.)</ref> and Prof. Dr '''John Owen Annexstad''', claimed by Stanislav Pokrovsky to be complicit in the hoax by collecting lunar meteorites to be used as the basis for "Moon rocks" during their expeditions to Antarctica in 1967.
*Dr '''Robert Rowe Gilruth''' (1913–2000), then director of the NASA Manned Spacecraft Centre,<ref>[http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/gilruth Robert Gilruth tribute], NASA, 23/6/03</ref> Lunar Module chief designer in Houston (see Wernher von Braun's "right hand" Ernst Stuhlinger in <ref name="akte"/> at 38:09), and Apollo programme lead.<ref>K. Gatland, "The illustrated encyclopædia of space technology", Salamander Books, 1989, ISBN 9780861014491</ref> Willy Brunner and Gerhard Wisnewski claim<ref name="step"/><sup>[http://books.google.com?id=EwEEIzdTfW0C&pg=PA127 (p. 127)]</sup> that Gilruth "was the real filmmaker of the Moon landing" ("war die engentliche Regisseur der Mondlandung").<ref name="akte"/><sup>(38:44)</sup>
*Colonel '''Frank Frederick Borman, II''' (b. 1928), Gemini 7 and Apollo 8 flight commander. He visited the USSR just before the Apollo 11 flight<ref>[http://astronautix.com/astros/borman.htm Borman], M. Wade, 31/7/08</ref> (as Alexander Popov says, to reconnoitre whether the Russians believed in the Apollo 8 orbiting the Moon and help decide if they can "swallow" a much larger Apollo 11 Moon landing hoax).<ref name="Popov1">A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/20.htm How could they keep this secret?], 16/3/09 (Rus.)</ref> He was also one of the Skylab programme managers.<ref name="skylab"/><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761583119/Frank_Borman.html Frank Borman], MSN Encarta Encyclopædia, 30/3/08</ref>
*'''Donald Kent Slayton''' (1924–1993), NASA Chief Astronaut in 1968, claimed by Sam Colby to be one of the main hoax perpetrators.<ref name="Colby"/><ref name="doggle"/>
*'''Michael J. Tuttle''', Simithsonian Institution webmaster, claimed by Sam Colby to have made fake photos in the mid-1990s and to have admitted that.<ref name="afb"/> Colby says that 95% of the NASA Moon photos were never seen before the spread of the Internet.<ref>[http://apollofake.bravehost.com Apollo Fake], S. Colby, 3/3/09</ref>
*'''Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr''' (1916–2009), CBS journalist who Bill Kaysing says "was the father figure that NASA chose to essentially hype the whole project".<ref name="Nardwuar"/>
*'''William M. Thompson''' (1920–2002) who had written the following: ''"I was actually part of the team that created the faked Moon landings and I am ready to talk about them. I have physical evidence to prove that they were faked"'', to Sam Colby and Kenneth Vardon.<ref name="afb"/><ref>[http://apfn.net/MESSAGEBOARD/11-29-02/discussion.cgi.17.shtml I participated in the project to fake the Moon landings], APFN, 27/11/02</ref>
*The '''Lookout Mountain Laboratory''', claimed by David McGowan to have done the post-production on the Apollo footage after the official "deactivation" of the studio in 1969.<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://vce.com/LookoutMt.html Lookout Mountain Laboratory], P. Kuran, 15/8/07</ref>

==Details==
Some specific issues are listed below.

===General===
{|class="TablePager"
|-
!Statement of NASA or its defenders
!Statement of Moon sceptics or scientists
|-
|
;Burden of proof
''"Precisely because of human fallibility, extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence."'' (Carl Sagan)<ref>[http://pbs.org/wgbh/nova/aliens/carlsagan.html Interview with Carl Sagan], Great Blue Hill, 1996</ref>

The burden of proof is on those who make such claims without any credible evidence to support them (i.e. those who deny the Apollo Moon landings).<ref>[http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/ask-an-astrobiologist/question?id=5380 Special note], D. Morrison, NASA, 10/3/09</ref>
|''"When scientists fail to require independent duplication of such an outlandish claim after over 30 years have passed, science is degraded to the status of being just another religion."'' (Bart Sibrel)<ref name="Sibrel">[http://moonmovie.com/faq.htm Frequently asked questions answered], B. Sibrel, 7/7/08</ref>

The authenticity of a scientific discovery (manned flights to the Moon) should be proven by its author (the USA) and those who share its point of view (the defenders).<ref name="Popov0"/>
|-
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;Keeping it secret
Too many people were involved with the project to keep a secret like this. More than 400,000 people worked on the Apollo project for nearly ten years, and a dozen men who walked on the Moon returned to Earth to recount their experiences. It would have been significantly easier to actually land on the Moon than to generate such a massive conspiracy to fake such a landing.<ref>J. Longuski, "The seven secrets of how to think like a rocket scientist", Springer, 2006, ISBN 9780387308760, p. 102</ref>
|NASA engineering-technical personnel was about 13,000.<ref name="mustdie">[http://gosh100.boom.ru/skeptikmustdie.htm Polemics with the "sceptic"], 20/3/07 (Rus.)</ref> Much fewer people were in the know, and there are examples in history for secrets known by a lot of people but kept for many years (N-1 rocket, cruiser Belfast crashes, Enigma machine message decryption, cargo vessel Rona sinking, operations of British submarines in Swedish waters accusing the Soviets, etc).<ref name="Popov1"/> The Manhattan Project<ref>[http://ushistory.org/us/51f.asp The Manhattan Project], USHistory.org</ref> employed hundreds of thousands of people and hardly a word was leaked out.<ref name="Rene"/><sup>(p. 19)</sup>

If someone who attended the Apollo programme admits a hoax, he will lose his prestige and risks being declared insane or killed.<ref name="Mukhin"/><sup>(p. 423)</sup>
|-
|
;Denouncement by the USSR
With their own competing Moon programme, the Soviets could be expected to have cried foul if the US tried to fake the Moon landings.<ref name="Plait"/><sup>(p. 173)</sup>
|Even if the Russians did suspect the landings were not authentic, the act of calling the USA liars of this magnitude at the height of the Cold War could have instigated a war, and perhaps they thought it better not to chance that.<ref name="Sibrel"/>

Russia could have blabbed to the world that the Moon landings were fake, and probably would have done were Khrushchev in power, but the West would say they were jealous because the USA had beaten them to it.<ref>[http://apollofacts.bravehost.com Apollo facts], S. Colby, 15/4/09</ref>

On 8 July 1972, the US government announced the sale of about one quarter of the entire crop of wheat to the USSR at a fixed price of $1.63 per bushel. The market price at the time of the announcement was $1.50 but immediately soared to a new high of $2.44 a bushel.<ref>"Economics of a Wheat Deal", National Review, ISSN 0028-0038, 27/10/72, p. 1168</ref> That's how the USA bought the silence of the USSR on the Moon programme.<ref name="Rene"/><sup>(p. 41)</sup>

Since 1967, the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee has helped the USA while impeding the Soviet Moon programme by all means. The Proton rocket failure in September 1967 was a result of a diversion.<ref name="Mukhin"/><sup>(p. 172)</sup> The N-1 rocket failure in June 1969 was a result of in internal engine explosion caused by a foreign metallic object.<ref>[http://epizodsspace.narod.ru/bibl/chertok/kniga-4/g12.html Triumphs and crises of the Moon programmes], B. Chertok, 21/10/09 (Rus.)</ref> In 1970, the USSR and the USA secretly agreed to hide from the public some circumstances of the latter's Moon programme.<ref name="Popov2">A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/articles/st2.htm A surprising find], 15/7/09 (Rus.)</ref><ref name="Popov4">A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/articles/st4.htm Apollo 13—an empty 'boilerplate'?], 24/9/09 (Rus.)</ref><ref name="Popov5">A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/articles/st5.htm Agreement of the USSR and the USA on the Moon becomes obvious], 24/9/09 (Rus.)</ref> In 1974, the Politburo ordered the destruction of 3 ready-to-fly N-1 rockets. (The USA and Japan's NASDA bought and licensed their NK-33 engines a couple of decades later,<ref>[http://aerospaceguide.net/rocketengines/nk-33.html NK-33 and NK-43 rocket engines], V. Stathopoulos, 11/10/09</ref> and NASA will use them, marketed by GenCorp Aerojet as AJ26,<ref>[http://aerojet.com/capabilities/spacelift.php Space lift propulsion], AeroJet-General Corp.</ref><ref>[http://wrcbtv.com/Global/story.asp?S=12386302 Aerojet and UEC take next steps in cooperation on rocket engines for space launch market], WRCB, 28/4/10</ref> in the Orbital Sciences Taurus II expendable launch system.)<ref>[http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/TaurusII_fact.pdf Taurus II fact sheet], Orbital Sciences Corp., 21/10/09</ref><ref>[http://izvestia.ru/news/news208123 NASA will use a Soviet engine in its rockets], Izvestia, 23/6/09 (Rus.)</ref> Since 1976, no Soviet space robot has flown to the Moon—the Politburo stopped their flights to prevent an Apollo hoax disclosure. And the 1980s Politburo led the USSR to a break-up. As a result, the Russian leadership cancelled the Energia rocket in 1993. All these actions were in favour of the USA.<ref name="Popov9"/><ref>A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/articles/st10.htm The Moon race—a contractual game?], 15/1/10 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
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;1967 deaths
On the death of Virgil Grissom,<ref>[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/grissom-vi.html Virgil Grissom], NASA, 4/12/08</ref> Edward White,<ref>[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/white-eh.html Edward White], NASA, 4/12/08</ref> and Roger Chaffee<ref>[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/chaffee-rb.html Roger Chaffee], NASA, 4/12/08</ref> (in the Apollo 1 fire), Edward Givens<ref>[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/givens-eg.html Edward Givens], NASA, 4/12/08</ref> (on a car crash), Clifton Williams<ref>[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/williams-cc.html Clifton Williams], NASA, 4/12/08</ref> (on a T-38 jet trainer), Michael Adams<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/x15/adams.html Michael Adams], NASA, 24/4/01</ref> (on an X-15 high-altitude experimental aircraft), Robert Lawrence<ref>[http://www.hill.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5878 Robert Lawrence], Hill Air Force Base</ref> (on an F-104B combat trainer), Russel Rogers<ref>[http://astronautix.com/astros/rogers.htm Russel Rogers], M. Wade, 31/7/08</ref> (on an F-105 fighter), and Thomas Baron<ref>[http://www.clavius.org/baron-test.html Thomas Baron's testimony], J. Windley, 21/3/06</ref> with all his family (at a railroad crossing) in 1967,<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/Apollo204/barron.html Baron Report (1965–1966)], NASA, 3/2/03</ref> the NASA defenders asked: Why remove the disagreeable along with the unique experimental aircraft or the first spacecraft prototype?<ref name="Yatskin"/>
|3 of the X-15 were built, and its last flight was a year later (in 1968), out of 9 service years in total.<ref>[http://astronautix.com/craft/x15a.htm X-15A], M. Wade, 31/7/08</ref> Apollo 1 was not the first prototype but had a serial number of 012.<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/Apollo204 Apollo-1 (204)], NASA, 18/1/07</ref>. For many years before and after 1967 both the US and Soviet space industry had from 0 to 3 death cases per year. Only in 1967, a year before the first manned Apollo flight, there were 11 death cases.<ref>A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/2.htm So that critics do not distub], 17/5/10 (Rus.)</ref>

The Apollo 1 crew was still alive for at least 15 minutes after the craft caught fire, because their autopsy found that they have managed to develop pulmatory oedema, which cannot happen if they had died earlier.<ref name="step"/><sup>[http://books.google.com?id=EwEEIzdTfW0C&pg=PA95 (p. 95)]</sup> Senior NASA astronaut and Apollo 1 commander Virgil Grissom was a sharp critic of the programme. "Quite a number of things are not in order with this spacecraft, he once said. "It's not as good as the ones we flew before." He publicly called the Apollo capsule "a bucket of bolts" and the spacecraft "a heap of old scrap". On 22 January 1967 (5 days before his death), he picked the largest lemon from his lemon garden in Texas, and intended to hang it on the Apollo spacecraft—as a symbol of failure. (In December 1966, a report made by Joe Shea noted that "At least 20,000 failures of all kinds had been logged, more than 200 of them in the environmental control system.")<ref name="Rene"/><sup>(p. 115)</sup><ref>H. Young, B. Silcock, and P. Dunn, "Journey to Tranquility", Jonathan Cape, 1969, ISBN 9780224617840, p. 185</ref> Grissom had received death threats earlier, which his family saw as coming from the space programme. "If there ever is a serious accident in the space programme, it's likely to be me", he said to his wife.<ref name="Rene"/><sup>(p. 39)</sup><ref name="step"/><sup>[http://books.google.com?id=EwEEIzdTfW0C&pg=PA87 (pp. 87–90)]</sup> NASA quality engineer Thomas Baron died with his family a week after his 500-page report analysing the Apollo 1 incident was deposed before the Congressational committee, and the report vanished.<ref name="step"/><sup>[http://books.google.com?id=EwEEIzdTfW0C&pg=PA94 (p. 94)]</sup>
|-
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;Jump height
Lunar explorers should be able to jump vertical distances up to 12 or 14 ft (4 ± 0.3 m) on the Moon, unencumbered with a spacesuit or other equipment, but will experience difficulty in maintaining their balance. However, falls from these heights under similar conditions are not likely to result in personal injury.<ref>[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19640007002_1964007002.pdf Evaluation of a gravity-simulation technique for studies of man's self-locomotion in lunar environment], NASA Technical note D-2176, 3/64, p. 14</ref> The EMU (Extravehicular Mobility Unit, or the Apollo spacesuit) tested on Apollo 9 and used on Apollo 11–14 weighs about 85 kg fully charged.<ref>[http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/factsheets/pdfs/EVACron.pdf Walking to Olympus: an EVA chronology], NASA, p. 12</ref>
|Assuming astronaut's body weight of 85 kg, his total weight including the space suit would be 170 kg, so he could achieve jump heights of 2 m. But the maximum jump height shown by an Apollo astronaut was 0.42 m,<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.alsepoff.html#1202542 ALSEP Off-load], NASA, 2/8/09</ref> which is five times less.<ref name="aFon">[http://mo---on.narod.ru The Americans have never been on the Moon], 30/9/09 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|
;Lunar samples
Between 1969 and 1972, six Apollo missions brought back 382 kg of lunar rocks, core samples, pebbles, sand and dust from the lunar surface. Lunar samples are prepared for shipment to scientists and educators at NASA's Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility. Nearly 400 samples are distributed each year for research and teaching projects. All samples (split or intact) must be returned to the NASA Johnson Space Centre after being studied.<ref>[http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/lunar Rocks and soils from the Moon], NASA, 3/8/09</ref>

There are plenty of museums, including the Smithsonian and others, where members of the public can touch and examine rocks from the Moon.<ref name="gmh"/>
|Unlike the Apollo lunar samples, their Soviet counterparts exhibit triboluminescence<ref>A. Mokhov, [http://naukaran.ru/plan2007_1/16.shtml Moon under microscope], Science Publishing House, 2007, ISBN 9785020342804 (Rus.)</ref> and non-oxidation,<ref>A. Mokhov et al, [http://springerlink.com/content/600w5r6164077ul3 Find of unusual complex oxides and η-bronze in lunar regolith], Doklady Earth Sciences, ISSN 1028-334X, Vol. 421, No. 2, 8/08</ref> contain 6 to 9 times more Mercury (which should be uniformly distributed on the lunar surface),<ref>Belyaev, Y., Koveshnikova, T., [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979rhrm.conf..468B On the mercury content in highland (Luna 20) and mare (Luna 16) regolith.], Regolith from the highland region of the Moon, pp. 468, 469</ref> orders of magnitude more molybdenum, wolfram, cadmium and silver, and have 50 times lower thermoluminescence sensitivity. Also, A. Dollfus and E. Bouell of the Paris Observatory found that unlike the NASA samples, the polarisation of reflected light from the Soviet samples corresponds to that from the Moon surface.<ref name="Mukhin"/><sup>(pp. 141–152, 208–210, 216–224, 231–232)</sup><ref>"Lunar soil from Mare Fecunditatis", Collection of articles, Science Publishing House, 1974, pp. 280, 290, 292, 311, 312, 336, 337, 403, 427, 429, 433, 435, 437, 438, 440, 444, 469, 478, 519, 522, 523 (Rus.)</ref><ref>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972E&PSL..13..257J Petrology of a portion of the Mare Fecunditatis regolith], Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 13, 1/1/72, pp. 257–271</ref>

Geochemist Minoru Ozima of the Tokyo University discovered that the nitrogen-14/nitrogen-15 isotope ratio in the Apollo lunar samples is very different from that in the solar wind whose blasts drilled these atoms into the lunar soil.<ref>[http://nature.com/news/2005/050803/full/news050801-8.html Moon soils store Earth's early breath], Nature, 2/8/05</ref><ref>[http://bioedonline.org/news/news.cfm?art=1944 Moon soils store Earth's early breath], M. Peplow, 3/8/05</ref> The explanation is simple—the Apollo's soil was made on Earth.<ref name="Mukhin"/><sup>(pp. 467–470)</sup>

In the 1990s, publications about lunar soil simulation started to appear.<ref>[http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXlibrary/DOCS/EIC050.HTML JSC-1: A new lunar soil simulant], Proceedings of "Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space IV", ASCE, 1994, pp. 857–866</ref> They could not have appeared earlier as this would raise questions about the Apollo programme.<ref name="soil">A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/16.htm The American lunar soil—a rich soil for doubts], 16/3/09 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|
;Curating the samples
Carlton Allen, Astromaterials Curator Manager: ''"We in the Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office continue our core missions providing samples of extraterrestrial material to the international science and education communities and curating these unique samples for future generations."''<ref>[http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/lunar/lnews/LNDec03/Allen2.html Astromaterials acquisition and curation at JSC], C. Allen, NASA, 12/03</ref>
|Poor contemporary scientists. With their instruments, they can register every single atom in a substance, but they were denied trust.

Poor future generations of scientists. In the 21st, and possibly in the 22nd century, they will of course lack such splendid crafts and rockets as "Apollos" and Saturn-Vs were in the 20th century. They will not be able to fly up the Moon and get fresh lunar stones. But NASA took care of them: it did not give the lunar stones to its contemporaries, and set them aside for them.<ref name="soil"/>
|-
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;Who first brought Moon soil to Earth?
16 July 1969: Apollo 11: First lunar soil and rock samples returned to Earth.<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/chronologies/CHRONOLOGYjuly2009.pdf Forecast of upcoming anniversaries], NASA, 5/1/09</ref>
|First lunar soil was brought to Earth by the Soviet space robots Luna 16 (1970), Luna 20 (1972), and Luna 24 (1976).<ref name="race"/><ref>[http://www.geokhi.ru/exhibition/moon.htm Lunar soil], Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19/9/01 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
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;Light reflectors
On 21 July 1969, Armstrong and Aldrin left lunar laser ranging reflectors on the Moon surface. They reflect pulses of laser light fired from the Earth, helping measure its distance to the Moon with high accuracy. Apollo 14 and 15 also left each one such reflector.<ref>[http://jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=605 Apollo 11 experiment still going strong after 35 years], NASA, 20/7/04</ref><ref>[http://physics.ucsd.edu/~tmurphy/apollo/lrrr.html Lunar Retroreflectors], Assoc. Prof. T. Murphy, 22/7/08</ref>
|The Apollo 11, 14 and 15 reflectors were left on the Moon by secret Surveyor<ref>[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html Surveyor (1966–1968)], NASA, 5/10/06</ref> 8, 9, and 10 unmanned probes that were not really cancelled as declared.<ref name="Sibrel"/><ref>Y. Golovanov, "The truth about the Apollo programme", [http://epizodsspace.narod.ru/bibl/golovanov/apollo/08.html Chapter 7: Now when the goal was reached], EXMO Press, 2000, ISBN 9785815301061 (Rus.)</ref><ref>A. Popov, [http://moon.thelook.ru/book/17.htm Surveyors landed on the Moon], 27/12/06 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
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;TV and radio signals received from the Moon
20% of mankind at the time watched Neil Armstrong's first steps on the Moon. Three tracking stations were receiving these signals from the Moon simultaneously. They were CSIRO's Parkes Radio Telescope, the Honeysuckle Creek tracking station outside Canberra, and NASA's Goldstone station in California. They received the voice communication with and between the astronauts,<ref name="A15">[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.clsout3.html#1672206 The hammer and the feather], NASA, 25/9/08</ref> and spacecraft and biomedical telemetry radio signals from the Moon too.<ref>[http://www.parkes.atnf.csiro.au/news_events/apollo11 The Parkes Observatory's support of the Apollo 11 mission], J. Sarkissian, 10/00</ref>
|The TV and radio signals were emitted from Earth to the Moon and re-translated to Earth by the radio equipment of special secret Surveyor or Orbiter unmanned crafts.<ref name="Popov"/><sup>(pp. 196, 197)</sup> (27 of 61 US space rocket launches in 1968 were secret,<ref>[http://epizodsspace.narod.ru/bibl/ejeg/1969/69.html Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopædia], 1969, table 2 (Rus.)</ref> and 20 of 47 in 1969).<ref>[http://epizodsspace.narod.ru/bibl/ejeg/1970/70.html Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopædia], 1970, table 4 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
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;Tracking by the USSR
Unable to track Apollo flights due to incompatibility issues, in 1968 the USSR built in Simferopol (Crimea) a dedicated tracking facility with a S-band (13 cm) antenna with a diameter of 32 m. To track the spacecraft on their lunar orbits, their data was needed. As it was not published, it was calculated based on the start and Moon arrival times of the Apollo crafts reported on US radio. Apollo 8, 10, 11 and 12 from December 1968 to November 1969 were tracked, including voice communications of the astronauts with Earth, TV images, and telemetry data.<ref>"[http://novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/271/03.shtml We saw how Americans landed on the Moon]" by Acad. Y. Molotov, Space News, 12/05 (Rus.)</ref><ref>"[http://astronaut.ru/bookcase/article/article102.htm Did Americans fly to the Moon?]" by V. Mishakov, Secret Advisor, 2006, issue 3 (Rus.)</ref>
|This was the only Soviet tracking facility. The fact that orbit data was calculated based on the start and Moon arrival times of the Apollo crafts reported on US radio means that the USSR did not fix the fact of "Apollos" leaving Earth orbit for the Moon nor did it track their movement on the spaceway Eath—Moon. Because if they fixed and tracked, then no orbit calculation or using US radio reports about the start and Moon arrival times would be needed. Thus the fact of "Apollos" leaving Earth orbit and the entire flight from the Earth to the Moon were left totally unconfirmed by Soviet means. Nor did the USSR track this in a telescope, as reported from the only Soviet facility capable of that—the Sternberg Astronomical Institute in Moscow.<ref>A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/21.htm How "ours" tracked the "Apollos"], 16/3/09 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
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;Waving US flag
Not every waving flag needs a breeze—at least not in space. When astronauts were planting the flagpole they rotated it back and forth to better penetrate the lunar soil (anyone who's set a blunt tent-post will know how this works). So of course the flag waved! Unfurling a piece of rolled-up cloth with stored angular momentum will naturally result in waves and ripples—no breeze required!<ref name="gmh"/>
|The backpacks, designed for one-sixth gravity, must have had the cooling systems removed, to allow for movement without falling over. With very near and hot studio lighting, that left one hot astronaut inside... The necessary mammoth amounts of air-conditioning were probably responsible for the air count... This rare clip [showing waving US flag], attained decades ago, was never rereleased, with the inevitable increasing experience and scrutiny.<ref name="funny"/><sup>(29:36–30:38)</sup><ref>[http://dos.nm.ru/usflag.mp4 Waving US flag], two short excerpts from the film "A funny thing happened on the way to the Moon" by B. Sibrel, 30:16–30:21 and 30:31–30:38</ref>
|-
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;Moon surface photos
Michael Collins used this map to mark the estimated [Apollo 11] Lunar Module locations given to him by Houston.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/images11.html#flownLAM2 Flown CMP map LAM-2], NASA, 21/11/09</ref>
|"Moon" surfaces like this have artificially been prepared on the Earth (Flagstaff, Arizona) in the 1960s, as Dr Farook El Baz explained in the BBC film "Moon"<ref>[http://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/4802849 The planets], series producer D. McNab, BBC/A&E, 1999, part 1, [http://manonmoon.ru/addon/f7/moon.avi subpart 4: Moon] (357 MB)</ref> (see also <ref>[http://pruned.blogspot.com/2007/09/simulated-worlds.html Simulated worlds], A. Trevi, 11/9/07</ref>). At 17:00 in that film, an experienced hand of a master superimposes a slight veil on a photo of this artificial surface to get a cosmic look.<ref name="Popov8">A. Popov, [http://www.manonmoon.ru/book/8.htm Landing], 9/8/10 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|
;LRO images
A set of recent still images was published by NASA on July 17, 2009. Taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission, these images show lunar landers, including that of Apollo 11, standing on the surface, science experiments, and, in one case, astronaut footprints in a line between the Apollo 14 lander and a nearby science experiment.<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/lroimages/apollosites.html NASA's LRO spacecraft gets its first look at Apollo landing sites], NASA, 17/7/09</ref> A month after LROC's first image of the Apollo 11 landing site was acquired, the LRO passed over again providing the [LRO Camera] (LROC) instrument a new view of the historic site.<ref>[http://lunarscience.arc.nasa.gov/articles/lro-looks-at-apollo-11-landing-site LRO looks at Apollo 11 landing site], T. Soderman, NASA, 2/10/09</ref><ref>[http://wms.lroc.asu.edu/lroc_browse/view/M104362199R LROC image browser—M104362199R], NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre / Arizona State University, 8/8/09 (a 253 MB "raw" TIFF file is also offered for download there)</ref>
|Photos showing those objects can be made on a printed lunar surface photos with rough models of the objects added, or using a computer.<ref>A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/articles/st1.htm Will we learn the truth about the Americans from the Americans and their defenders?], 15/7/09 (Rus.)</ref>

Anyone with a bit of common sense should realize that NASA could have Photoshopped these landing site photos much more easily than taking them from an orbiting probe.<ref>[http://fakeapollo.com/2009/08/google-moon-nasas-lro-attempts-to.html Google Moon: NASA's LRO attempts to resolve the Moon hoax once and for all], L. Sargent, 24/8/09</ref>
|}

===Flight-specific===
{|class="TablePager"
|-
!Statement or document of NASA and/or its defenders
!Statement of Moon sceptics
|-
|
;Strange rotating object
Snoopy (the Apollo 10 Lunar Module) rose up from the Moon to join Charlie Brown (the Command Module).<ref>[http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/archives/videos/apollo10.html Apollo 10: To sort out the unknowns], NASA, 19/12/01 (also [http://vimeo.com/5415277 available] as a Flash video at Vimeo)</ref><sup>(20:59–21:01)</sup>
|What is the rotating object flying past the lunar module at 21:00?<ref>[http://vif2ne.ru/nvz/forum/archive/264/264023 NASA problems. A film about Apollo 10], 13/11/09 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|
;"Flight" over a Moon globe?
[Stuart Roosa] It's 2001 type stuff. That old moors just growing magnificently fast, and it's just filling up that hatch window... and you're drifting into the shadow.<ref>[http://movie.subtitlr.com/subtitle/show/279937#line521 For all mankind (1989)], Database of film dialogues</ref>

04 06 54 42 LMP ([Apollo 10] Lunar Module Pilot) [Eugene Cernan] ''"OK baby."''

04 06 54 47 CDR (Commander) [Thomas Stafford] ''"2, OK, 12, 10''"

04 06 54 53 LMP ''"8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1"''

04 06 55 O1 LMP ''"Burn."''

04 06 55 02 CDR ''"OK. OK, it's burning down."''

04 06 55 05 LMP ''"Burning? OK. Got 60 to go; 34 to go; 100 to go; 78 to go, 50 to go; 20 to go; stand by, Tom."''<ref>[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/mission_trans/AS10_LM.PDF Apollo 10 Lunar Module (LM) Onboard voice transcription], NASA, 6/69</ref><sup>(p. 218)</sup><ref>[http://imdb.com/title/tt0097372 For all mankind (1989)], Apollo Associates, [http://youtube.com?v=DQfiwf58C9U#t=6m57s Part 1], 18/6/07</ref><sup>(6:57–7:29)</sup>
|The ring-shaped structure gets dark in 11 seconds, but the terminator (the border between the light and darkness) on the Moon moves only 70 m for such a short time, whereas the distance to the horizon for an orbit height of about 110 km is about 600 km. 70 m vs 600 km is a too great discrepancy. And why it suddenly gets lit up shortly after that? All this is explainable if we assume that NASA used their huge Moon globes<ref name="reality"/> for filming.<ref>A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/6.htm Did the "Apollos" fly around the Moon?], 16/3/09 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|
;Prevention of destruction or of reconnaissance?
On 16 July 1969, from 8:00 to 9:00 EST (Apollo 11 was launched at 8:32),<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4012/vol3/table2.39.htm Table 2-39. Apollo 11 Characteristics], SP-4012 NASA historical data book: Vol. III, Programs and projects 1969–1978</ref> near the Cape Canaveral Space Centre, 7 Soviet trawlers with reconnaissance equipment on board<ref>[http://manonmoon.ru/articles/st4.files/image007.jpg Soviet military radio-electronic intelligence vessel—a re-equipped trawler]</ref> were met by 15 US surface ships, 7 submarines and an unspecified number of P-3 Orion-type maritime patrol and reconnaissance aircraft with electronic warfare equipment on board, of US Second Fleet. 12 minutes before the Apollo 11 launch, all US coastal, ship and aircraft radio jamming equipment was switched on full power and then switched off 4 minutes after Apollo 11 reached Earth orbit. The operation was justified by an alleged danger that the Soviet ships can try to radio-jam the Saturn V electronic equipment and thus destroy the flight. The danger was later recognised as non-existent, and the $320 million spent on the operation as wasted.<ref>"[http://cosmoworld.ru/spaceencyclopedia/publications?zhelez_32.html Ghost chase on tax payers' funds]", Secret Materials, Vol. 13, Mega-polygraph, Kiev, 6/05 (Rus.)</ref>
|To destroy the rocket would be suicidal for the Soviets as it would equal to declaring a nuclear war. The real reason why the Soviet reconnaissance was suppressed was to not let it receive the Saturn V telemetry data, which would reveal the non-conformance of its real speed and altitude to the declared values and that the flight does not proceed as declared.<ref name="Popov1"/>
|-
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;1000 page TV scenario
Astronomer Richard West of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) who commented the Apollo 11 Moon landing at the Danish TV says that they had a manual of 1000 pages or so where it was exactly described what the astronauts had to do at what time (in <ref name="akte"/> at 9:21).
|How can it be relied that everything would go in accordance with the 1000-page instruction manual, when every detail was done for the first time? But if it was a play, then an instruction (or scenario) is absolutely necessary. If the actors don't strictly follow the instructions of the director, the show will inevitably fail.<ref name="Popov17">A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/17.htm Results], 2/9/10 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|
;Famous shot of Aldrin "walking on the Moon"
Astronaut Buzz Aldrin, [Apollo 11] lunar module pilot, walks on the surface of the Moon near the leg of the Lunar Module (LM) "Eagle" during the Apollo 11 extravehicular activity (EVA). Astronaut Neil Armstrong, commander, took this photograph with a 70 mm lunar surface camera.<ref name="famous"/><ref>[http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2001-000013.html Buzz Aldrin on the Moon], NASA, 20/8/09</ref>
|
#The face shield (right) shows inconsistent ground lighting, left side spot lit.
#Ground hotspot around astronaut (top left) but dark horizon, unlike sunshine.
#Rock in the distance (left) front lit, while astronaut is back lit. Rock shadow should be parallel to astronaut's.
#Dark side of astronaut fully lit, but no flashbulb, while his shadow is solid black.<ref>[http://rense.com/1.imagesH/11_2dees.jpg Apollo 11 / Famous shot of Aldrin "walking on the Moon"—signs of fakery], D. Dees</ref>
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;Splashdown
At 13:35 P.M., as the [Apollo 11] command module with its human passengers and its cargo of Moon rocks sped on a north-easterly course 80 [nautical] miles above the Gilbert Islands, it slammed into the atmosphere and streaked like a flaming meteor towards a soft landing in the water below. Fifteen minutes later the command ship's three parachutes lowered it gently, at 21 [nautical] miles an hour, into the Pacific 950 [nautical] miles south-west of Hawaii, 2.7 [nautical] miles (5 km) from its aiming point and 13.8 [nautical] miles (25.6 km) from the [aircraft] carrier Hornet, the recovery ship. Man's first expedition to another world was over. President Nixon watched the recovery from one of the Hornet's two bridges. He caught a glimpse of the spaceship's fiery re-entry into the atmosphere, but shared in the disappointment of the crew and millions of television viewers when the craft splashed down out of sight of the ship.<ref>[http://manonmoon.ru/addon/look/img_3233.html Apollo 11: On the Moon], Look, 8/69, p. 63</ref> [Apollo 11] capsule was first righted by flotation bags.<ref name="life">[http://manonmoon.ru/addon/life/img_3162.html To the Moon and back], Life, 8/69, p. 90</ref><sup>(left photo)</sup>
|If Nixon could see the spacecraft's entry into the atmosphere down its sloping trajectory, the sky must have been exceptionally clear, assuring direct visibleness of hundreds of kilometres. Then the craft descending on three huge parachutes at only 25 km should have been noticeable too: aircraft carrier's bridges are 40–50 m above sea level, corresponding to a horizon of 20–25 km, so the high flying parachutes would be visible. But only a helicopter and the capsule were filmed, without even its parachutes.<ref name="life"/><sup>(left photo)</sup> And if the splashdown accuracy was only 5 km, why was not the ship at the aiming point but stayed 25 km away? Finally, even today Soyuz spacecraft's landing accuracy (50–60 km)<ref>[http://buran.ru/htm/gud%2023.htm Manned spacecrafts "Soyuz", "Soyuz T", "Soyuz TM"], E. Gudilin, 1/6/04 (Rus.)</ref> is an order of magnitude worse than the average of 4 km Apollo could achieve back then,<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-40_Entry_Splashdown_and_Recovery.htm Entry, splashdown, and recovery], NASA, 23/9/05 (see the "distance to target" line)</ref> which makes such high accuracy unreal.<ref>A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/articles/st7.htm The super-accurate Apollo splashdown—one more link of the lunar bluff], 8/10/09 (Rus.)</ref> All issues vanish if we assume that the crew did not fly but the capsule with it was dropped in advance far enough (25 km) from the ship. Craft entry into the atmosphere can be imitated by a ballistic missile with a suitable head surface material to produce enough fire.<ref name="Popov"/><sup>(pp. 254–257)</sup>
|-
|
;18-day quarantine
As [Apollo 11] astronauts in special isolation suits watched, frogman scrubbed the capsule down with disinfectant.<ref name="life"/><sup>(right photo)</sup> Apollo crew waved as they entered quarantine trainer aboard Hornet.<ref>[http://manonmoon.ru/addon/life/img_3163.html To the Moon and back], Life, 8/69, p. 91</ref> The astronauts then settled down for an 18-day quarantine to make certain their contact with the Moon had not contaminated or infected them in any way.<ref>[http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=PU4LAAAAIBAJ&pg=7174,1327597 'Houston, Tranquility Base here'], W. Wisniewski, 26/7/69</ref>
|What bacteria can there be on the Moon, tilled already for several billions of years every 27 days now by space cold of −150°C, now by Sun heat of +150°C, and irradiated by streams of radiation from the Sun flares? Do Earth medics have such sterilisers? And why scrub the craft down with disinfectant if it had flown through the atmosphere in a cloud with a temperature of several thousands of degrees on its return? And, if lunar bacteria do exist and are so hardy, then what quatantine, and what disinfectant can help against them? But if there was a hoax, the quarantine was important for its success. The black [gas] masks on the astronauts' faces<ref>[http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo11/html/s69-40753.html S69-40753], NASA, 3/4/09</ref> helped them avoid unwanted sights by the welcoming people (and questions from the press during the whole quarantine)<ref name="Nardwuar"/> while getting used to their most important role (Moon flight stories), having ensured three weeks later that the world public opinion had already believed  Apollo Moon landings. It did, so next Apollo crews had no quarantine.<ref>A. Popov, [http://moon.thelook.ru/book/18.htm The difficult burden of glory], 27/12/06 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|
;TV camera failure?
The [Apollo 12] colour television camera provided satisfactory television coverage for approximately 40 minutes at the beginning of the first extravehicular activity. Thereafter, the video display showed only white in an irregular pattern in the upper part of the picture and black in the remainder. The camera was turned off after repeated attempts by the crew to restore a satisfactory picture.

In the process of moving the camera on the lunar surface, a portion of the target in the secondary-electron conductivity vidicon must have received a high solar input, either directly from the Sun or from some highly reflective surface. That portion of the target was destroyed, as was evidenced by the white appearance of the upper part of the picture.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/A12_MissionReport.pdf Apollo 12 mission report], NASA (12 MB), p. 14–50</ref>
|However the camera is not securely locked into position, and then for over a period of time the camera changes its view as you can see. And as you can hear, everyone thinks it's all very funny.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/a12.tvtrbls.html#1155945 TV troubles], NASA, 14/5/09</ref><sup>(0:45–1:37)</sup> But as the fixing on its stand is not tight enough, the camera is slowly drooping and this fact is demonstrated by the changing images captured over a period of time.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/a12.tvtrbls.html#1161340 TV troubles], NASA, 14/5/09</ref><sup>(2:14–2:18)</sup> (At that time—116:16:02—Alan Bean says that he hit the camera on the top with his hammer.)<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/a12.tvtrbls.html#1161548 TV troubles], NASA, 14/5/09</ref> It would not have been possible to see this differential imaging if the camera had really been destroyed by being pointed for a while directly into the Sun—the official reason for its failure.<ref name="what"/><sup>(1:20:19–1:20:52)</sup>
|-
|
;A studio photo?
This view of the damaged Apollo 13 Service Module (SM) was photographed from the Lunar Module/Command Module following SM jettisoning.<ref>[http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001119.html Explosive Evidence], NASA, 20/8/09</ref>
|The rear side of a spotlight is clearly seen on the top right edge of the photo. When brightness and contrast are increased, a halo due to reflection of its light by dust is seen. So the photo was made in a studio.<ref>A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/14.htm The special case of Apollo 13], 16/3/09 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|
;Apollo boilerplate found by the USSR
In early 1970, the Soviet Union recovered an empty Apollo capsule and returned it to the US several months later. The capsule was identified at NASA as the BP-1227 training capsule lost a while back.<ref>[http://astronautix.com/articles/sovpsule.htm Soviets recovered an Apollo capsule!], M. Wade, 31/7/08</ref>
|It was on the night of 11–12 April 1970, the night after Apollo 13 was launched, and it was its capsule and not BP-1227.<ref name="Popov2"/><ref name="Popov4"/><ref name="Popov5"/><ref>A. Velyurov, [http://free-inform.narod.ru/pepelaz/pepelaz-10.htm A return match: NASA versus the Main bureau of finds], 13/11/08 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|
;The solder ball "bug" in the LEM
Edgar Mitchell (Apollo 14): ''"Our next major problem was the well-known one of the solder ball in the abort switch, which happened just two hours before we were scheduled to go down to the lunar surface, and we noticed as we were on our last circuit of the Moon before starting down, while checking out the lunar module and getting ready, that the abort light came on in the lunar module. And that was a surprise. It shouldn't do that."''<ref>[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/MitchellED/EDM_9-3-97.pdf Oral history transcript], E. Mitchell, interviewed by S. Scarborough, NASA, 3/9/97, p. 12-19</ref>
|Harry Hurt explains what happened after the mission: "Only after their return to Earth did they learn that the bug illuminating the 'Abort' light was a loose solder ball in the wiring." <ref>H. Hurt III, "For all mankind", Atlantic Monthly Press, 1988, ISBN 9780871131706, p. 225</ref> How did NASA discover that drop of loose solder after the [Lunar Excursion Module] (LEM) was dropped back onto the Moon? I'm really beginning to believe that the CIA resurrected Merlin the Magician and gave him a job with NASA as the assistant to the Wizard of Oz.<ref name="Rene"/><sup>(p. 117)</sup>
|-
|
;The Galileo's experiment
Apollo 15 astronauts repeated Galileo's experiment.<ref name="A15"/><ref>[ftp://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov/miscellaneous/planetary/apollo/AS15_Ham_feath_drop3.mov Apollo 15 hammer and feather drop] (78 MB)</ref> (Apollo 15 TV camera frame rate was 20 fps.)<ref>[http://honeysucklecreek.net/station/technical.html A technical description of Honeysuckle Creek tracking station during the Apollo era], H. Lindsay, 15/4/09</ref>
|More than a half of the frames in the NASA (.mpg) film are repeated, and after removing them, the acceleration it was taken under was calculated as 9.5 ± 2 m/s². The experiment may have been filmed at NASA's Space Power Facility (SPF) vacuum chamber.<ref name="veche"/><ref>A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/11.htm That Moon gravitation], 16/3/09 (Rus.)</ref><ref name="mustdie"/> Also, the same experiment was conducted in a London studio without a vacuum chamber and with the same results in the film "What happened on the Moon?".<ref name="what"/><ref>[http://youtube.com?v=dM0FDGOsslU Moon landing hoax—hammer & feather], Youtube, 21/6/07</ref>
|-
|
;Composite photo?
A view of the Apollo 15 Command and Service Module from the Lunar Module.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/images15.html#11963 AS15-88-11963], NASA, 12/11/09</ref>
|If it were an actual three-dimensional scene, the spaceship would be 69 miles above the lunar surface—which would, I would think, make it difficult for a portion of that lunar terrain to obscure part of the ship's S-band antennæ assembly.<ref>[http://davesweb.cnchost.com/Apollo4.html Wagging the Moondoggie, Part 4], D. McGowan, 25/11/09</ref>
|-
|
;Shrink-wrapped photo on Moon surface?
Charlie [Duke, Apollo 16] put a picture of the Duke family—Charlie, Dotty, and sons Charles and Tom—on the surface and took several pictures of it. This image is the best of the series.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/images16.html#18841 AS16-117-18841], NASA, 26/11/09</ref>
|But why did Charles Duke have it shrink-wrapped in plastic? First of all it would puff up and lose its seal or burst in the vacuum when the lunar module's atmosphere was removed. Then there is the question of what would happen when Duke placed it on the Moon's surface at 100°C. Would he succeed in photographing it before it melted and became ugly and deformed?<ref name="step"/><sup>[http://books.google.com?id=EwEEIzdTfW0C&pg=PA159 (pp. 158, 159)]</sup>
|-
|
;Lifted by a wire?
Charlie [Duke, Apollo 16] has dropped the hammer. He tries to bob down to get it but loses his balance and lands heavily on his hands and knees... Charlie wants John [Young] to push back on his head so he can rotate his torso up and over his knees. Instead, John goes to Charlie's left side and holds out his hand... Charlie takes John's hand and rises, albeit awkwardly.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.sta8.html#1473136 Geology Station 8], NASA, 2/8/09</ref><sup>(0:54–1:20)</sup>
|David Percy comments: ''"The astronaut is getting up with the wire taking the weight, relieving him of five sixths of the Earth's gravity. A magic trick? No, just the help of a wire man."''<ref name="what"/><ref>[http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=2681698310485866108#2m06s Moon landing hoax—Wires seen in videos], Google Video</ref><sup>(2:06–2:36)</sup>
|-
|
;Docking in lunar orbit
177:38:58 [Thomas] Mattingly (Apollo 16): ''"OK, about 5 feet."''

177:40:37 Mattingly: ''"Doesn't look like it. I don't have any barber poles (stripped indicators' output; means it's all OK). There we go. Took a couple of extra blurps to get you. OK. Are you free?"''

177:40:52 Mattingly: ''"OK."''

177:41:00 Mattingly: ''"OK, it looks - looks pretty fair. How about if I just retract you?"''

177:41:25 Mattingly: ''"I believe we're there."''

177:41:27 Mattingly: ''"Casper's captured Orion!"''<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/ap16fj/23_Day8_Pt2.htm#177_40_37 Apollo 16 flight journal, Chapter 23], NASA, 3/5/08</ref>

The inspection is complete. Command module and lunar module manoeuvre to docking.<ref>[http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/archives/videos/apollo16.html Apollo 16: Nothing so hidden... (1972)], NASA, 19/12/01 (also [http://archive.org/details/NothingSoHiddenApollo16 available] as a Flash video at the Internet archive)</ref><sup>(24:34–24:44)</sup><ref>[http://footagevault.com/clip/FTV-0000821 Apollo 16 lunar orbit rendezvous (FTV-0000821)], FootageVault.com (the docking sequence in the film "Apollo 16: Nothing so hidden", speeded up several times and lasting longer)</ref><ref>[http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/archives/videos/apollo11.html Apollo 11: For all mankind], NASA, 19/12/01 (also [http://vimeo.com/5612698 available] as a Flash video at Vimeo)</ref><sup>(28:13–30:18)</sup>
|No control thruster activity is visible<ref name="Popov8"/><ref>A. Popov, [http://www.manonmoon.ru/book/13.htm Leaving the Moon], 8/9/10 (Rus.)</ref> (contrast this with the photo of the Apollo taken from the Soyuz).<ref>[http://gosh100.boom.ru/moon1.htm Inconsistencies in the Moon programme materials] (Rus.) – in the last but one photo, the dark circle is the rear view of the Apollo and the white spots are the control thruster exhaust lit by the Sun</ref> Attitude changes made by the lunar module while manoeuvring in lunar orbit look remarkably like a model is being manipulated in front of a lunar backdrop.<ref>[http://apolloanomalies.com/mech_attitude_changes.htm Mechanical attitude changes], 17/8/08</ref>
|-
|
;Earth angle over the horizon
In each of the following Apollo 17 archive photos, the Earth (with an angular diameter of 1.9±0.1°) is at a different angle over the horizon: [http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo17/html/as17-137-20910.html AS17-137-20910]—16°, [http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo17/html/as17-134-20473.html AS17-134-20473]—32°, [http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo17/html/as17-134-20384.html AS17-134-20384]—34°, [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/images17.html#20957 AS17-137-20957]—16°, [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/images17.html#20960 AS17-137-20960]—16°
|Calculating from the coordinates of the Apollo 17 lunar landing site (20.16° North and 30.77° East),<ref>[http://asi.org/adb/04/01/01/02/apollo-landing-time.html Apollo landing time], Artemis Society International, 5/6/99</ref> the Earth should be at constant 53.4° above the lunar horizon.<ref>[http://internet.ocii.com/~dpwozney/apollo4.htm Various other Apollo image anomalies], D. Wozney, 23/10/09</ref>
|-
|
;Return to orbit
188:01:27 [Apollo 17] lunar lift-off film. The television camera was mounted on the rover which Gene [Cernan] parked about 145 m east of (behind) the lunar module. The ascent stage ignites and climbs, spacecraft foil and dust flying in all directions. Ed Fendell in Houston anticipates exactly the timing of ignition, lift-off, and the rate of climb, and the camera tilts to follows the ascent.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/video17.html#launch Return to orbit], NASA, 3/8/09</ref>
|Awesome! And there apparently either wasn't any delay in the signal or NASA had the foresight to hire a remote camera operator who was able to see a few seconds into the future.<ref>[http://davesweb.cnchost.com/Apollo5.html Wagging the Moondoggie, Part 5], D. McGowan, 25/11/09</ref>
|-
|
;Skylab interior photo
Astronaut Charles Conrad, Jr, Skylab-2 commander, smiles happily for the camera after a hot bath in the shower in the crew quarters of the Orbital Workshop of the Skylab space station.<ref>[http://mix.msfc.nasa.gov/abstracts.php?p=3272 Skylab-2 mission: commander Conrad in shower], NASA</ref>
|The towel at the upper right corner hangs as on Earth, so there was no weightlessness and the photo was taken on Earth, not Earth orbit.<ref name="skylab"/>
|}

===Discrepancies in NASA documents===
{|class="TablePager"
|-
!First NASA document
!NASA document or astronaut statement found to contradict the first document
|-
|
;Earthrise photos
The first photo of Earthrise by a human as he watched the event unfold (AS08-13-2329) was taken on 24 December 1968.<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/ap08fj/14day4_orbits456.htm Apollo 8, day 4: Lunar orbits 4, 5 and 6], NASA, 3/1/09 (the 2nd photo, at 075:47:37)</ref>
|There is yet another photo (AS08-14-2392) of the same Earthrise at the same time and place but with a window frame<ref>[http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo8/html/as8-14-2392.html AS8-14-2392], NASA, 3/2/09</ref> and said to be taken two days earlier.<ref>[http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/luceneweb/caption_direct.jsp?photoId=AS08-14-2392 AS08-14-2392], NASA, 1/11/06</ref> A sceptic says that both photos are taken by a secret Lunar Orbiter unmanned craft and not from Apollo 8.<ref name="Popov"/><sup>(p. 190)</sup>
|-
|
;Visibility of stars from the Lunar Module
103:12:44 [Neil] Armstrong (Apollo 11): ''"I'd say the colour of the local surface is very comparable to that we observed from orbit at this Sun angle—about 10° Sun angle, or that nature."''

103:22:30 Armstrong: ''"From the surface, we could not see any stars out the window; but out my overhead hatch (means the overhead rendezvous window), I'm looking at the Earth. It's big and bright and beautiful."''<ref name="postland">[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.postland.html Post-landing activities], NASA, 5/6/09</ref>
|[Alan] Bean, from the [Apollo 12] 1969 Technical Debrief—''"Star (and) Earth visibility was interesting. We could always see stars at the upper rendezvous window."''<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/a12.postland.html#1105518 Post-landing activities], NASA, 11/6/09</ref> The Sun is currently 5.5° above the eastern horizon.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/a12.postland.html#1120659 Post-landing activities], NASA, 11/6/09</ref> With the Sun 10° above the horizon, stars should have been visible out the Apollo 11 overhead window too.<ref name="aFon"/>
|-
|
;Visibility of stars from the lunar surface
[Neil] Armstrong (Apollo 11): ''"We were never able to see stars from the lunar surface or on the daylight side of the Moon by eye without looking through the optics."''

[Michael] Collins (Command Module pilot): ''"I don't remember seeing any."''<ref name="pressconf"/><sup>(1:06:00–1:06:19)</sup> (Collins' remark is misattributed to [Edwin] Aldrin in the transcript.<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/ap11ann/FirstLunarLanding/ch-7.html The first lunar landing], part 6, NASA, 24/4/01</ref> In his book "Liftoff", Collins writes "My God, the stars are everywhere, even below me. They are somewhat brighter than on Earth")<ref name="Rene"/><sup>(p. 33)</sup><ref>M. Collins, "Liftoff", Grove Press, 1989, ISBN 9780802131881, p. 100</ref>

Alan Bean (Apollo 12): ''"Oh so carefully, I removed my silver pin, took one last look at it, and gave it my strongest underarm toss out towards Surveyor. I can still remember how it flashed in the bright sunlight then disappeared in the distance. It was the only star I ever saw up in the black sky, the sunlight was just too bright on the Moon's surface to see any of the others."''<ref>[http://alanbeangallery.com/lonestar-story.html Lone star], The Alan Bean Gallery</ref>

Stars are not readily seen in the daylight lunar sky by either the human eye or a camera because of the brightness of the sunlight surface.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a13/images13.html#S7031774 S70-31774], NASA, 19/9/09</ref>
|103:22:54 Duke: ''"...Gene Cernan says that, while standing in the shadow of the Apollo 17 [Lunar Module] (LM), he could see some stars while he was outside."''<ref name="postland"/> (Correction on the star visibility issue from the Moon is introduced later.) Astronauts' reminiscences contradict the descriptions of the star sky observed by Soviet cosmonauts (Leonov, Lebedev, Savinykh) on the dayside of the orbit; light from the Earth (Earth albedo 0.367, Moon albedo 0.12) did not hamper them see the stars.<ref name="aFon"/> For example, Leonov says that "the brightest of the stars can be recognised when they are farther than 30° away from the daylight luminary [the Sun]".<ref>[http://epizodsspace.testpilot.ru/bibl/tm/1981/4-tsvetn-pal-kos.html The colour pallete of cosmos], A. Leonov, Technology for the youth, 4/81, pp. 27–29 (Rus.)</ref>

On the Moon, the sky is black—even during the day—and the stars are always visible.<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/moon_worldbook.html Moon], P. Spudis, 30/11/07</ref><ref>[http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070621.html Stars and the Solstice Sun], NASA, 21/6/07</ref>

In fact, the Moon is about the poorest reflector in the solar system... The Moon reflects only 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/200801/liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/universe/moon.html The Moon], NASA, 20/1/00</ref>
|-
|
;Omitted telltale astronauts' words from journal text?
116:07:19 [Alan] Bean (Apollo 12): ''"OK. You go ahead. That's difficult, because it's so tender up here on these legs."''

116:07:26 [Charles] Conrad: ''"Well, I don't see the Earth anywhere in the sight."''<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/a12.tvtrbls.html#1160542 TV troubles], NASA, 14/5/09</ref>
|Listening to the RealVideo clip (1:39–1:45), Alan Bean actually said ''"It's difficult tricking them"'', and Charles Conrad replied ''"Yea, I know."''<ref>[http://youtube.com?v=T1yYfOfMUVk Moon landing hoax Apollo 12], Youtube, 27/8/08</ref>
|-
|
;Moon landing trajectory and dust visibility
[Charles] Conrad (Apollo 12), from the 1969 Technical Debrief—"''As soon as I got the vehicle stopped in horizontal velocity at 300 feet'' (figure 4–12 from the Apollo 12 Mission Report indicates that he stopped almost all of his forwards motion at about 220 ft), ''we picked up a tremendous amount of dust—much more than I had expected. It looked a lot worse than it did in the films I saw of Neil's landing. It seemed to me that we got the dust much higher than Neil indicated. It could be because we were in a hover, higher up, coming down...''".<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/a12.landing.html#1103206 A visit to the Snowman], NASA, 4/5/09</ref>
|According to the Apollo 12 land path,<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/landpath.jpg A profile and plan view of the Apollo 12 approach trajectory], NASA</ref> at 300 ft (90 m) the module was almost half a kilometre far from the landing place and was descending not vertically but down a very gently sloping trajectory, and dust was first seen at a 3 times less height of 30 m (100 ft).<ref name="Popov8"/>
|-
|
;Fred Haise on the Moon?
[Fred] Haise and fellow [Apollo 13] crewmen, James Lovell (spacecraft commander) and John Swigert (command module pilot), working closely with Houston ground controllers, converted their lunar module "Aquarius" into an effective lifeboat. Their emergency activation and operation of lunar module systems conserved both electrical power and water in sufficient supply to assure their safety and survival while in space and for the return to Earth.<ref>[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/haise-fw.html Fred Wallace Haise, Jr], NASA, 4/12/08</ref>
|Edwin Aldrin (Apollo 11): ''"The highlight of the evening was a film showing Fred Haise, my back-up on the flight to the Moon, stumbling around on the surface of the Moon until, in desperation, he retreated to the lunar lander which, the moment he stepped on the ladder, tumbled into pieces around him."''<ref name="Rene"/><sup>(p. 164)</sup><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/virtuallystrange.net/ufo/updates/1997/jan/m05-025.shtml Moon 'photos'?], G. Birdsall, 5/1/97</ref><ref>E. Aldrin, W. Warga, "Return to Earth", Random House Publishers, 1973, ISBN 9780394488325, p. 189</ref>
|-
|
;Dust blowing
After the landing of the Apollo 14 lunar module, the engine has worked for several more seconds and the jets of dust flying from under the module are clearly seen.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/video14.html#Landing Landing at Fra Mauro], NASA, 6/9/06</ref><sup>(4:46–4:56)</sup>
|There are no signs of blowing the dust on the photo of the surface under the Apollo 14 lunar module.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/images14.html#9258 AS14-66-9258], NASA, 8/7/09</ref><ref>A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/9.htm First on the Moon], 21/7/09 (Rus.)</ref>
|-
|
;Separation—Contradictory times and distances to Earth
03:42:29 [Apollo 17] Commander [Eugene Cernan]: ''"Separation, Houston."''<ref>[http://ehartwell.com/Apollo17/ap17fj/AS17Flight_03TLI.htm Day 1: Translunar Injection (TLI)], Apollo 17 Flight Journal, 11/4/07</ref>

This photo shows the [Apollo 12] Spacecraft-LM Adapter (SLA) above centre.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/images12.html#7326 AS12-50-7326], NASA, 4/8/09</ref><ref>[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/a12_h_50_7326.html AS12-H-50-7326], NASA, 21/9/04</ref> (Altitude at [SLA] separation was about 3,800 nautical miles—about 7,000 km.)<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/ap12fj/03tde.htm Day 1: Transposition, docking and extraction], NASA, 24/9/05</ref>
|A Full Earth from the Apollo 17 Command Module at about 5 hours 6 minutes, shortly after separation of the docked CSM-LM from the S-IVB at 4 hours 45 minutes.<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/images17.html#22726 AS17-148-22726], NASA, 3/8/09</ref>
|-
|
;When was the descent engine stopped?
113:01:43 [Harrison] Schmitt (Apollo 17): ''"Stand by. 25 feet, down at 2. Fuel's good. 20 feet. Going down at 2. 10 feet. 10 feet."''

113:01:58 Schmitt: ''"Contact."'' (Pause)

113:02:03 Schmitt: (Reading a checklist) ''"Stop, push. Engine stop; Engine Arm; Proceed; Command Override, Off; Mode Control, Att(itude) Hold; PGNS, Auto."''

113:02:11 [Eugene] Cernan: ''"OK, Houston. The Challenger has landed!"''<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/a17.landing.html Landing at Taurus-Littrow], NASA, 30/6/09</ref>
|Eugene Cernan: ''"We shut the engine down some 3 m above the surface."''<ref name="didwego"/><sup>([http://youtube.com?v=y1MVtrBytZs#t=6m02s part 6], 6:02–6:26)</sup>
|-
|
;Lunar rovers had an engine muffler?
120:10:55 [Eugene] Cernan (Apollo 17): ''"Just don't step on it."'' (Pause)

120:11:01 [Harrison] Schmitt: ''"I do that (pause) in training, though."'' (Pause).

120:11:13 Cernan: "''Ooh.'' (Grunting and breathing hard) ''Hey, Bob, just out of curiosity, what kind of heart rates has this drill been producing on me?"''<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/a17.deepcore.html#1201037 Deep core], NASA, 12/10/08</ref>
|Listening to the RealVideo clip<ref>[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/a17.alsepdep.html#1195335 ALSEP deployment], NASA, 12/10/08</ref> (17:11–17:41), these words are missing from both the journal text and the MP3 audio clip:

120:10:57 Flight/EVA: ''"OK, we definitely did not want Flight to figure the rover's muffler at this point. He has it as a stick with mine as an optional, as an option, and ah we're, at this stage of the game, we're screwing around. We definitely do not want to figure this muffler. Since we're being called upon, I'm sure you all recognise not to do this anymore."''<ref>[http://metacafe.com/watch/3418554 Moon landing hoax Apollo: Lunar rover had an engine muffler—ran on fuel in the fake Moon bay], Metacafe, 24/10/09</ref>
|}

===Technological legacy===
{|class="TablePager"
|-
!Statement or document of NASA and/or its defenders
!Statement of Moon sceptics
|-
|
;Moon race legacy
Hook-and-loop fasteners, polytetrafluoroethylene non-stick coating, disposable nappies—here are only the most well-known results [of the Apollo programme] in everyday life. It has been counted that the spreading of "lunar" technologies gave the US economy an effect, estimated to more than $20bn. But the space technology created strictly for conquering of the Moon did not get further development.<ref name="kosmos">[http://1kosmos.ru/select/05.html Expenses and results], S. Alexandrov and V. Ponomaryova, All about cosmos: selected articles (Rus.)</ref>
|Here is what remained with the USSR after the end of the Moon race:

The Proton rocket and the Soyuz spacecraft which were both developed for circumlunar, not circumterrestrial flights.<ref>[http://epizodsspace.narod.ru/bibl/chertok/kniga-3/5-1.html The 'Soyuz' have a lunar origin], B. Chertok, 27/9/09 (Rus.)</ref><ref name="Popov17"/>
|-
|
;Why is the Saturn V no longer used?
Notwithstanding the great carrying capacity, the Saturn [V] expendable launch systems did not get use—they got nothing to carry. The mass of even the most sophisticated artificial Earth satellites does not exceed 20 t. Yet another obstacle is the complexity and cost of service of the huge rocket.<ref name="kosmos"/>
|If we could build it from scratch in a few years in the 60's, and we already have all the plans, why not rebuild it now? Did they really have the load capacity NASA claims they had?<ref name="Beals"/>

The reason that the Saturn V was quietly forgotten was that it never preformed as stated... If NASA had attempted to correct the problems with the Saturn V it would have become apparent that the rocket could not have sent people to the Moon and that the Moon landings were faked.<ref>[http://guardian.150m.com/other/shuttle.htm Why did NASA develop the Space Shuttle when the Saturn 5 is so much better?], 27/2/10</ref>

If the Saturn V carried the International Space Station (ISS) modules, which are now not heavier than 20 t, their mass could quadruple while their number be reduced four times, along with the number of the docking assemblies for space rendezvous, whose mass is now about one-seventh of the mass of the entire ISS. The number of the dangerous space rendezvous procedures would also be reduced. The cost of the two Proton rockets and one Space Shuttle used to carry three ISS modules is roughly equal to the cost of one Saturn V. And the ISS cost is thousands of times greater than the Saturn V service cost. Also, the launching cost for 1 kg of cargo using the Space Shuttle turns out to be much higher than using the Saturn V.<ref>[http://epizodsspace.no-ip.org/bibl/iz-istorii/vkts.html Some problems of the reusable aerospace launch system development], V. Surdin, "From the history of aviation and cosmonautics", issue 61, 25/2/06 (Rus.)</ref><sup>(drawing 4)</sup> But for some reason, the Americans have money for the "prodigal" Shuttles and not for the "frugal" Saturns. And why is the F-1 engine no longer used but the US Atlas V rocket uses the Russian RD-180 engines instead that are nothing else but one half of the RD-170/171 engines of the Soviet Energia and Zenith rockets?<ref>[http://deagel.com/Rocket/RD_a002258001.aspx RD-180], G. Deagel, 30/8/09</ref><ref>A. Popov, [http://manonmoon.ru/book/1.htm The rocket: tests failed—let's fly to the Moon], 16/3/09 (Rus.)</ref><ref>[http://ymuhin.ru?q=node/320 How to sell?], Y. Mukhin, 2/4/10 (Rus.)</ref>

The F-1 engine failure modes (especially combustion instability) need substantial research and the Russian RD-180 is recommended as a model for its modification, if it is to be used in future manned flights to the Moon and Mars.<ref name="Ray"/><ref>[http://vif2ne.ru/nvz/forum/0/co/278329 Unfitness of the F-1 engine for a new conquest of the Moon], D. Kropotov, 6/10/09 (Rus.)</ref>
|}

==Quotes by famous people==
{{Cquote|''I can't be 100% sure that man actually walked on the Moon. It's possible that NASA could have covered it up, just in order to cut corners, and to be the first to allegedly go to the Moon.''}}

<div class="patrollink">—Dr '''Brian Todd O'Leary''', NASA astronaut & Apollo programme adviser<ref name="mirror"/><ref name="express"/><ref name="fox"/><sup>(5:22–5:45)</sup><ref name="Shermer"/></div>

{{Cquote|''Just a month before, Apollo 11 astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong had left their colleague, Michael Collins, aboard spaceship Columbia and walked on the Moon, beating by five months President Kennedy's goal of putting a man on the Moon before the decade was out. The old carpenter asked me if I really believed it happened. I said sure, I saw it on television. He disagreed; he said that he didn't believe it for a minute, that "them television fellers" could make things look real that weren't. Back then, I thought he was a crank. During my eight years in Washington, I saw some things on TV that made me wonder if he wasn't ahead of his time.''}}

<div class="patrollink">—Dr<ref>[http://www3.hku.hk/hongrads/index.php/archive/graduate_detail/284 William Jefferson Clinton, Doctor of Laws], The University of Hong Kong, 2008</ref> '''William Jefferson Clinton''', President of the United States of America (1993–2001)<ref>B. Clinton, [http://amazon.com/dp/0375414576 My life], Knopf Publishers, 2004, ISBN 9780375414572, p. 156</ref></div>

{{Cquote|''The date of the so-called return to the Moon slipped from 2020 to heaven-knows when... I ask my friends and readers to get behind Obama's new policy. Join with me and help usher in a new age of space. A space programme that truly goes somewhere!''}}

<div class="patrollink">—Dr '''Buzz Aldrin''' (born Edwin Eugene Aldrin, Jr), astronaut, the Apollo 11 lunar module pilot<ref>[http://huffingtonpost.com/buzz/president_448667.html President Obama's JFK moment], B. Aldrin, 3/2/10</ref></div>

==See also==
*[[Moon]]
*[[NASA]]
*[[Apollo program]]me

==Notes and references==
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2;font-size:90%;"><references/></div>

==External links==
[http://dmoz.org/Science/Science_in_Society/Skeptical_Inquiry/Hoaxes/Lunar_Landing Sceptical Inquiry: Hoaxes: Lunar Landing] at the Open Directory Project

[[Category:Space]]