Editing D battery

[[File:Mono Battery.jpg|thumb|A carbon-zinc D battery, positive end up.]]
[[File:BaterieR20.jpg|thumb|D cell batteries.]]

A '''D battery''' or '''D cell''' is a type of electrochemical [[Battery (electricity)|cell]], the largest in the D, [[C battery|C]], [[AA battery|AA]], and [[AAA battery|AAA]] families. Each D cell is cylindrical with electrical contacts at each end; the positive end having a nub or bump.  D cells are typically used in high current drain applications, such as in large [[flashlight]]s, [[radio receiver]]s and [[transmitter]]s, portable entertainment systems,  products with [[Electric motor|motor]]s, safety systems or other applications requiring extended run time. [[Rechargeable battery|Rechargeable]] and non rechargeable versions are available. Non rechargeable cells are known as [[primary_cell|primary cells]].

*Voltage: 1.5 volts
*Capacity (Heavy Duty): 8,000 mAh
*Capacity (Alkaline): 12,000 mAh

The D cell was standardized by [[ANSI]] as "13A" ([[alkaline]]) and is known internationally as LR20 (alkaline). The 13D is based on carbon-zinc chemistry, the 13D is marketed as a Heavy Duty cell. The standard D cell has a length of {{val|60.5|1.0|ul=mm}} ({{val|2.38|0.04|ul=in}}) and a diameter of {{val|33.1|1.0|u=mm}} ({{val|1.31|0.04|u=in}}).

== Introduction ==
[[Image:DuracellBatteryBHD-2.jpg|thumb|A [[Duracell]] D battery in a battery holder.]]
D sized batteries are [[dry cell]]s, composed of a single chamber or can be packed with an electrolyte paste and electrode rod that may be either the positive terminal, as on non-alkaline carbon zinc based cells or the negative terminal as in the alkaline based cells. D Batteries are more correctly referred to as D cells. The nominal output [[voltage]] of single-use D cells is 1.5 volts, while [[NiCd]] and [[NiMH]] [[Rechargeable battery|rechargeable cells]] have a nominal voltage of 1.2 V. Specialty cells based on more exotic chemistries can operate at voltages as high as 1.6 V under load. The terminal voltage of a D cell is the same as an [[AAA battery|AAA]], [[AA battery|AA]] or [[C battery|C cell]], however, they generally can supply current longer, i.e. they store more energy, than C, AA or AAA cells although rechargeable AAs can run longer than disposable D cells (even with less nominal voltage).

The  [[National Carbon Company]] introduced the first D cell in 1898. Before smaller cells became more common, D cells were widely known as ''flashlight batteries.'' The U.S. military designation for this battery type since before WW II is [[BA-30]].[http://www.olive-drab.com/od_soldiers_gear_flashlight.php]

== Capacity ==
[[Image:Batterien-centimeter-inch-ruler.png|thumb|right|4.5-Volt, '''D''', C, AA, AAA, 9-Volt, SR41/AG3, SR44/AG13 cells]]

Because of their larger size, which allows them to store a greater mass of [[anode]] material (an electrode that is consumed as it supplies electrical current), the D sized battery can supply power for a longer time than C, AA or AAA cells at equal current levels.

In some cases, rechargeable D batteries have significantly less capacity (as low as 1,800 mAh) than the primary or single use non-rechargeable type because they are internally only an AA or C cell. Many, however, are made as true D cells with greater capacities than their alkaline counterparts and any C or AA battery.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Battery type
! Typical capacity in mAh 
|-
| [[AA battery|AA]] 
| 2,400
|-
| [[C battery|C]] 
| 7,800
|-
| [[D battery|D]] 
| 12,000 
|}

==Non-standard D cells==
There are some batteries on the market that are labelled as "D"-size, and are shaped as "D"-size, but which are different. 

Some of these are rechargeable "D"s are [[sealed lead-acid cells]] with a nominal voltage of 2 volts (the voltage of a single [[lead-acid cell]]). These may have a capacity of 5000 mAh. <ref> BatteriesPlus Australia; [http://www.batteriesplus.com.au/pd/812/273/hawker-08100004-d-cell/ Hawker 0810-0004 (D Cell)] </ref>

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}} 

===Sources===
*[http://www.batteryholders.org/d.pdf Brand Neutral Drawing Of Alkaline D Battery Based On ANSI Specifications]
*[http://www.batteryholders.org/d-NiCd.pdf Brand Neutral Drawing Of NiCd D Battery Based On ANSI Specifications]
*[http://www.batteryholders.org/d-NiMH.pdf Brand Neutral Drawing Of NiMH D Battery Based On ANSI Specifications]
*[http://www.batteryholders.org/nicd.shtml Brand Neutral NiCd Batteries ANSI Specifications]
*[http://www.batteryholders.org/alkaline_batteries.shtml Brand Neutral Alkaline Batteries ANSI Specifications]
*[http://www.batteryholders.org/nimh.shtml Brand Neutral Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries ANSI Specifications]
*[http://www.duracell.com/oem/Pdf/new/MN1300_US_CT.pdf Duracell D Size Battery Specification For Alkaline Cell]
*[http://www.duracell.com/oem/primary/alkaline/alkaline_manganese_over.asp Duracell Overview Of Primary Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Systems]
*[http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/E95.pdf Energizer D Size Battery Specification for Alkaline Cell]
*[http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/alkaline_appman.pdf Energizer Battery Handbook For Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Systems]
*[http://www.energizer.com/learning-center/Pages/how-batteries-work.aspx Energizer Manual On How Batteries Work]
*[http://www.electrochem.org/dl/interface/wtr/wtr05/wtr05_p39-42.pdf ElectroChem Battery Modeling and Performance Guide]

==See also==
*[[List of battery sizes]]
*[[Alkaline battery]]
*[[NiMH battery]]

[[Category:Batteries]]
[[Category:Not in Wikipedia]]